Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: Is It Safe for Children?

Anesthesia in pediatric dentistry is an essential tool to ensure that dental procedures in children are performed comfortably and without pain.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 Inferior alveolar nerve block Technique For Children - Tips and tricks ... In pediatric dentistry, the inferior alveolar nerve block technique can be quite a challenge, and the video that we share offers several tips and tricks for its administration in pediatric patients

However, the safety of its application in pediatric patients is a common concern among parents and healthcare professionals. This article addresses the risks associated with dental anesthesia in children and the necessary precautions to ensure its safe use.

Advertisement

✅ Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry

Local anesthesia involves the temporary loss of sensation in a specific area of the body without affecting the patient’s level of consciousness. In pediatric dentistry, it is commonly used for procedures such as fillings, extractions, and root canal treatments on primary teeth.

➤ Safety and Effectiveness
Local anesthesia is generally safe in children when properly administered. Local anesthetics such as lidocaine and articaine are widely used. Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 is considered the gold standard, while 4% articaine has proven to be equally effective and safe in pediatric procedures.
It is important to calculate the correct dosage based on the child’s weight and to monitor for any adverse reactions. Side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions or systemic toxicity if administered in excess.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Manual of Local Anesthesia - Anesthetic techniques and anatomical references ... We share a dental anesthesia manual, which teaches us in a practical and simple way the different anesthetic techniques and their anatomical references

✅ Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry

Sedation is used to help children who experience anxiety or fear during dental procedures. There are different levels of sedation: minimal, moderate, deep, and general anesthesia.

➤ Conscious Sedation
Conscious sedation allows the child to be relaxed but still awake and responsive to stimuli. Nitrous oxide, also known as "laughing gas," is a popular option in pediatric dentistry. Its use has been shown to be safe and effective, with a low incidence of adverse effects.
➤ Deep Sedation and General Anesthesia
In more complex cases, or when the child is non-cooperative, deep sedation or general anesthesia may be required. These techniques must be administered by trained professionals in controlled environments, such as hospitals or specialized clinics, to ensure the patient’s safety.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Local anesthesia calculations: How to avoid overdose and toxicity in pediatric patients? ... Local anesthetic systemic toxicity is a consequence of overdose, it is rare but usually occurs in children. This event is avoidable if all safety measures are taken

✅ General Safety Considerations

➤ Preoperative Evaluation: A full medical evaluation is essential before administering any type of anesthesia or sedation.
➤ Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation is required during the procedure.
➤ Staff Training: Personnel administering anesthesia or sedation must be trained and prepared to handle any pediatric emergencies.
➤ Informed Consent: Parents or guardians should be thoroughly informed about the procedure, its risks, and available alternatives.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 DENTAL ANESTHESIA : Mandibular Block for Pediatric Patients - Dental Injection Technique ... The use of local anesthetics is important to perform any procedure that requires controlling pain and discomfort during dental treatment. The anesthetics used in pediatric dentistry are safe and do not pose a greater risk

✅ Conclusion

Anesthesia and sedation in pediatric dentistry are safe when performed following proper protocols by trained professionals. The choice between local anesthesia and sedation will depend on the nature of the procedure, the child’s age, and their level of anxiety. An individualized evaluation is essential to ensure the safety and well-being of pediatric patients.

📖 References

✔ Patiño Ortíz, P. E., & Chiriboga Ramón, P. L. (2022). Anesthesia in pediatric dentistry: conventional and alternative systems. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362011260
✔ Sociedad Española de Odontopediatría. (2013). Premedication and sedation protocol in pediatric dentistry. https://www.odontologiapediatrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/SedacionSEOP.pdf
✔ Torres Lefián, C., Sandoval Gorigoytía, J., & Monsalve Reyes, V. (2024). Safety of nitrous oxide as conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry: A scoping review. International Journal of Odontostomatology, 18(3), 305-310. https://ijodontostomatology.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024_v18n3_008.pdf
✔ Campos Medina, A. S. (2022). Scientific evidence on the use of local anesthetics in pediatric dentistry. Universidad Señor de Sipán. https://repositorio.uss.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12802/9535/Campos%20Medina%20Alicia%20Sarai.pdf
✔ Soto, D., Chourio, F., & Pino, R. (2022). Administration of local anesthetics in pediatric dentistry. La Pasión del Saber, 12(21), 55–67. https://lapasiondelsaber.ujap.edu.ve/index.php/lapasiondelsaber-ojs/article/view/38
✔ Gaceta Dental. (2011). Sedation and general anesthesia in pediatric dental patients. https://gacetadental.com/2011/09/sedacin-y-anestesia-general-en-el-paciente-odontopeditrico-4338/
✔ Cadena SER. (2025, March 12). Conscious sedation in Hospital Dental Care: pain-free and anxiety-free treatments in Madrid. https://cadenaser.com/cmadrid/2025/03/12/sedacion-consciente-en-odontologia-hospitalaria-integral-tratamientos-sin-dolor-ni-ansiedad-en-madridsalud-y-bienestar-radio-madrid/
✔ Cadena SER. (2025, February 19). 'Mejor Acompáñame' platform calls for parents to accompany children during pre-sedation. https://cadenaser.com/aragon/2025/02/19/nace-la-plataforma-mejor-acompaname-para-que-los-menores-no-entren-solos-en-el-proceso-de-sedacion-radio-jaca-ser-pirineos/

📌 More Recommended Items

► Pharmacological management of the behavior of the pediatric patient: Nitrous Oxide and General Anesthesia
► Local Anesthetics Allergies in Children
► Dental Anesthesia: Overdose and Complications in Pediatric Patients

Management of Anaphylactic Shock in Children: Updated Guide for Dentists – Effective Prevention and Treatment

Pediatric dental care comes with various risks, including the possibility of anaphylactic reactions. Although rare, anaphylactic shock represents a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate recognition and management.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 How to handle medical emergencies in pediatric dentistry? ... The possibility of a medical emergency can be anticipated and reduced by conducting an interview with the parents, medical interconsultation, and a correct anamnesis

In the last six years, new research has emphasized the importance of well-established emergency protocols in pediatric dental practice. This article addresses the definition, signs and symptoms, and updated management of anaphylactic shock in children during dental procedures.

Advertisement

✅ Definition
Anaphylactic shock is an acute, severe, and rapidly progressive systemic allergic reaction characterized by cardiovascular, respiratory, and/or gastrointestinal dysfunction, potentially fatal if not treated immediately (Simons et al., 2020). Anaphylaxis occurs after exposure to an allergen, such as local anesthetics, latex, antibiotics, or dental materials, and can develop within seconds or minutes.
According to the World Allergy Organization (WAO), anaphylactic shock involves severe hypotension or circulatory collapse associated with signs of organ hypoperfusion due to the massive release of inflammatory mediators (Muraro et al., 2022).

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 How to treat anaphylaxis in children? - Clinical manifestations and treatment ... The clinical picture must be recognized in order to take immediate action and avoid serious consequences. In dentistry, a picture of anaphylaxis may occur due to contact with a drug or an allergenic agent such as latex

✅ Signs and Symptoms
Early identification of signs and symptoms is crucial for successful management. These can be classified as:

➤ Cutaneous
Generalized urticaria
Angioedema (swelling of the lips, eyelids, or tongue)
Erythema
Itching
➤ Respiratory
Dyspnea
Laryngeal stridor
Bronchospasm
Persistent cough
Hoarseness
➤ Cardiovascular
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Dizziness or syncope
➤ Gastrointestinal
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
In children, respiratory symptoms tend to predominate over cardiovascular ones, highlighting the need for special attention to airway alterations during dental care (Turner et al., 2019).

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Odontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric patient - Diagnosis, treatment and multidisciplinary management ... Facial cellulite spreads to other anatomical regions, aponeurotic plane and tissue spaces. Clinically, facial cellulite is of a soft consistency and with inflammatory signs

✅ Management of Anaphylactic Shock in Dental Care
The success of managing an anaphylactic reaction in the dental office depends on the preparation of the team, the knowledge of emergency protocols, and the availability of appropriate medications.

➤ Prevention
Before treatment:
° Conduct a thorough medical history.
° Identify any known allergies (latex, local anesthetics, antibiotics).
° Avoid sensitizing agents if there is a history of hypersensitivity.

➤ Immediate Management
1. Discontinue the dental procedure and remove the allergen if possible.
2. Administer intramuscular epinephrine (IM) in the anterolateral thigh. It is the first-line treatment:
° Pediatric dose: 0.01 mg/kg body weight (maximum 0.5 mg) every 5-15 minutes as needed (Shaker et al., 2020).
3. Place the patient in a supine position with the lower extremities elevated to favor venous return.
4. Administer supplemental oxygen at high flow (8–10 L/min).
5. Establish intravenous access for the administration of fluids if signs of shock are present.
6. Complementary therapies:
° Antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine) to control cutaneous symptoms.
° Systemic corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone) to prevent biphasic reactions.
° Bronchodilators (such as albuterol inhaled) if bronchospasm occurs.
7. Activate emergency medical services for hospital transfer, even if symptoms are controlled in the office

➤ Special Considerations in Pediatrics
° Adjusted doses based on body weight.
° Closer respiratory monitoring, due to the high frequency of airway obstructions in children.
° Availability of pediatric epinephrine autoinjectors in high-risk offices.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 First Aid for dental injuries in children ... The treatment to be performed will depend on the commitment of the injury. Sometimes trauma only involves the tooth enamel, but the dental pulp, bone, and ligaments may also be involved

✅ Relevant Updates (2018–2024)
New clinical guidelines emphasize the importance of early administration of epinephrine, even with mild symptoms, to improve prognosis (Muraro et al., 2022).
Standardized dental emergency protocols have been developed, including visual algorithms to facilitate rapid response (Simons et al., 2020).
Research highlights the use of pediatric epinephrine autoinjectors as a safety measure in high-risk dental offices (Turner et al., 2019).

✅ Conclusion
Anaphylactic shock in children during dental care, while infrequent, represents a critical emergency that requires immediate intervention. Early recognition of symptoms, prompt epinephrine administration, and activation of emergency services are key to a successful outcome. Ongoing training of dental staff in emergency management protocols, the availability of emergency equipment, and thorough medical histories are essential for preventing fatal outcomes. Adhering to updated protocols based on current evidence ensures safer and more effective care in pediatric dental settings.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Reimplantation of avulsed dry permanent teeth after three days: A report of two cases ... The success of reimplantation depends on many factors among which are the time lapse before the tooth is reimplanted in the socket and the storage medium of the avulsed tooth

📖 References
✔ Muraro, A., Worm, M., Alviani, C., Cardona, V., DunnGalvin, A., Eigenmann, P., ... & Sheikh, A. (2022). EAACI Guidelines on Anaphylaxis: 2022 update of the evidence base and support for the use of adrenaline auto-injectors. Allergy, 77(2), 358-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15027
✔ Shaker, M. S., Wallace, D. V., Golden, D. B. K., Oppenheimer, J., Bernstein, J. A., Campbell, R. L., ... & Greenhawt, M. (2020). Anaphylaxis—a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and GRADE analysis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 145(4), 1082-1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.017
✔ Simons, F. E. R., Ardusso, L. R. F., Dimov, V., Ebisawa, M., El-Gamal, Y. M., Lockey, R. F., & World Allergy Organization. (2020). World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Guidance 2020. World Allergy Organization Journal, 13(10), 100472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100472
✔ Turner, P. J., Jerschow, E., Umasunthar, T., Lin, R., Campbell, D. E., & Boyle, R. J. (2019). Fatal anaphylaxis: mortality rate and risk factors. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 137(2), 597-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.017

📌 More Recommended Items

► Medical emergencies in pediatric dentistry
► Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition
► How to handle dental trauma?

Glass Ionomer Cement in Pediatric Dentistry: Benefits, Uses, and Step-by-Step Application Guide

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a widely used dental material in pediatric dentistry due to its strong adhesion, fluoride release, and biocompatibility.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 Use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) - General Guide on its application ... It offers several advantages such as its easy application, low cost, it avoids the use of dental anesthetics, and it can be applied in places that do not have dental equipment

This article explores its characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, clinical applications, and a step-by-step guide for proper use.

Advertisement

Characteristics of Glass Ionomer Cement
Glass ionomer cement consists of a powder and a liquid that, when mixed, form a rigid, adhesive matrix. The powder contains fluoroaluminosilicate glass, while the liquid consists of polyalkenoic acids in an aqueous solution. This composition enables chemical bonding to the tooth structure and sustained fluoride release, aiding in enamel remineralization and cavity prevention.

Benefits of Glass Ionomer Cement in Pediatric Dentistry
1. Fluoride Release: Provides long-term fluoride release, strengthening enamel and reducing the risk of cavities.
2. Chemical Adhesion: Bonds directly to enamel and dentin without the need for acid etching, simplifying clinical procedures.
3. Biocompatibility: Well-tolerated by dental and soft tissues, minimizing adverse reactions.
4. Thermal Expansion Similar to Natural Teeth: Reduces the risk of marginal leakage and ensures long-lasting adaptation.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 Atraumatic Restorative Treatment - Indications, Advantages and Disadvantages ... This technique is very useful when it is necessary to attend to oral health needs in hard-to-reach areas. The pediatric patient also generates less anxiety and stress

Disadvantages of Glass Ionomer Cement
1. Lower Mechanical Strength: Less resistant to wear and occlusal forces compared to composite resins.
2. Aesthetic Limitations: While improved, its translucency and color range may not fully match natural tooth appearance.
3. Moisture Sensitivity During Placement: Requires proper moisture control to prevent property alterations.

Uses of Glass Ionomer Cement in Pediatric Dentistry
° Restorations for Primary Teeth: Ideal for Class I, II, and V cavities in deciduous teeth due to its adhesion and fluoride release.
° Pit and Fissure Sealants: Used as a sealant in newly erupted permanent molars to prevent cavities.
° Liners and Bases: Serves as a protective base under restorations, providing thermal and chemical insulation.
° Cementation of Pediatric Crowns: Used for cementing stainless steel crowns on primary teeth.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Severe early childhood caries: an integral approach ... Treatment will depend on the extent of the injuries and requires interdisciplinary management to achieve successful rehabilitation. In these cases the cooperation of the parents is necessary

Step-by-Step Application of Glass Ionomer Cement
1. Cavity Preparation: Remove decayed tissue and clean the cavity without overextending margins.
2. Conditioning: Apply 10% polyacrylic acid for 10-15 seconds to enhance adhesion, then rinse and gently dry without dehydrating.
3. Mixing the Material: Follow the manufacturer’s recommended powder-to-liquid ratio, mixing until a homogeneous consistency is achieved.
4. Placement: Apply the glass ionomer cement into the prepared cavity, ensuring proper adaptation and avoiding air bubbles.
5. Initial Setting: Allow the material to set according to manufacturer instructions while protecting it from moisture and desiccation.
6. Finishing and Polishing: Once set, refine the restoration, adjust occlusion, and polish for improved aesthetics and longevity.

Conclusion
Glass ionomer cement is a valuable material in pediatric dentistry due to its adhesive properties, fluoride release, and biocompatibility. While it has some limitations in mechanical strength and aesthetics, its benefits for cavity prevention and ease of use make it a preferred choice for various pediatric dental applications.

References
1. Croll, T. P., & Nicholson, J. W. (2002). Glass ionomer cements in pediatric dentistry: Review of the literature. Pediatric Dentistry, 24(5), 423-429. Recuperado de
2. Berg, J. H. (2002). Glass ionomer cements. Pediatric Dentistry, 24(5), 430-438. Recuperado de
3. Sikka, N., & Brizuela, M. (2024). Glass Ionomer Cement. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing

📌 More Recommended Items

► Fluoride Varnish in the Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
► How to Apply: Clinpro Sealant - Step by step
► What are the causes of white spots on teeth?

Management of Severe Acute Dental Infections

Severe acute dental infections are a critical concern in dentistry, as they can progress rapidly, causing systemic complications and posing a life-threatening risk if not managed promptly.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 Management of antibiotics in odontogenic infections in pediatric dentistry ... Antibiotic treatment in pediatric dentistry should be carried out taking into account the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the pediatric patient

This article provides an overview of the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies for severe dental infections, emphasizing evidence-based approaches.

Advertisement

A. Etiology and Pathogenesis
Severe dental infections are often caused by bacterial invasion into the dental pulp or surrounding structures. Common sources include:
° Untreated dental caries: Progression into pulpitis and periapical abscess.
° Periodontal infections: Spread to adjacent tissues.
° Traumatic injuries: Leading to necrosis of the pulp.
° Post-surgical complications: Including infections after extractions or implant placement.
The most frequently implicated bacteria are anaerobic organisms such as Prevotella and Fusobacterium, often in polymicrobial infections.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Odontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric patient - Medical-dental management considerations ... We share an article that details the clinical characteristics, pharmacological and multidisciplinary management of odontogenic facial cellulite in children

B. Clinical Presentation
Patients with severe dental infections typically present with:
° Localized swelling: Often associated with pain and erythema.
° Fever and malaise: Indicating systemic involvement.
° Trismus and dysphagia: In cases of space infections such as Ludwig’s angina.
° Fluctuant abscesses or purulent drainage.
In advanced cases, airway compromise may occur, necessitating emergency intervention.

C. Management Strategies
1. Early Diagnosis
Timely identification of infection severity is crucial. Clinical examination, imaging (e.g., periapical radiographs, CT scans), and laboratory tests (e.g., white blood cell count) help guide diagnosis.
2. Drainage and Debridement
The cornerstone of treatment is surgical drainage to evacuate pus and relieve pressure. This may involve:
° Incision and drainage (I&D) of abscesses.
° Endodontic therapy: For infections localized to the pulp.
° Tooth extraction: For non-restorable teeth.
3. Antibiotic Therapy
Antibiotics are essential when systemic involvement is evident. Empiric therapy targets anaerobes and includes:
° Amoxicillin-clavulanate.
° Clindamycin (for penicillin-allergic patients).
°Metronidazole, in combination with penicillin or other broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Antibiotics should be adjusted based on culture and sensitivity results if available.
4. Supportive Care
° Analgesics: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain control.
° Hydration and nutrition: To prevent systemic deterioration.
° Hospitalization: In cases of airway compromise, systemic sepsis, or failure of outpatient management.
5. Referral to Specialists
Complex infections, such as those involving the deep cervical spaces or spreading to the mediastinum, require multidisciplinary management by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, otolaryngologists, or infectious disease specialists.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Odontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric patient - Diagnosis, treatment and multidisciplinary management ... Facial cellulite spreads to other anatomical regions, aponeurotic plane and tissue spaces. Clinically, facial cellulite is of a soft consistency and with inflammatory signs

D. Prevention
Preventive strategies include regular dental check-ups, patient education on oral hygiene, and prompt treatment of early dental caries or periodontal disease.

E. Conclusion
Severe acute dental infections demand swift and comprehensive management to prevent serious complications. Clinicians should focus on early diagnosis, appropriate surgical intervention, effective antimicrobial therapy, and interdisciplinary care in complex cases.

References
1. Flynn, T. R. (2006). Oral and maxillofacial infections: Current therapy. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, 18(4), 493-511.
2. Brook, I. (2011). *Microbiology and management of endodontic infections in children. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 36(2), 189-193.
3. Kuriyama, T., et al. (2000). *Factors affecting the clinical outcome of odontogenic infections. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 90(1), 95-100.

📌 More Recommended Items

► What is odontogenic infection? - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
► What is dental abscess? - Causes, diagnosis and treatment
► What is pericoronitis? Causes, symptoms and treatment

Oral cysts in newborns: Characteristics, diagnosis and treatment

Oral mucosal cysts in newborns are classified according to their origin and location. In the case of neonates, oral alterations are difficult to detect by the clinician.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 Formation and development of the face and oral cavity (Orofacial Complex) ... The formation of the face starts from the five prominences (one frontonasal, two maxillary and two mandibular). The prominences develop giving rise to different regions of the face

Diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent alterations from intervening in normal functions such as complex sucking, swallowing and phonation.

Advertisement

We share a list of cases of oral cysts in newborns, detailing the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Guide for the surgical management and oral pathology of the pediatric patient ... Some of the pathologies that we can frequently find in children that need surgical procedures are: supernumerary and impacted teeth, congenital cysts, mucoceles

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 1 :

👉 "Gingival Cyst of Newborn" 👈
Gingival Cyst of Newborn. Aman Moda. 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1087.

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 2 :

👉 "Exuberant Upper Gum Lesions in a Neonate" 👈
Exuberant Upper Gum Lesions in a Neonate. J Pediatr 2013;163:1521.. Vol. 163, No. 5

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 3 :

👉 "Dental lamina cyst in the newborn" 👈
Dental lamina cyst in the newborn. Deepak Sharma, Jaivinder Yadav, Eva Garg, Hanish Bajaj. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2015: 44(4): 236-237

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 4 :

👉 "Unusual symptomatic inclusion cysts in a newborn: a case report" 👈
Marini et al.: Unusual symptomatic inclusion cysts in a newborn: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2014 8:314.

📌 More Recommended Items

► How to treat anaphylaxis in children? - Clinical manifestations and treatment
► Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis in a pediatric patient - Characteristics and treatment
► Ameloblastoma in a pediatric patient - Characteristics, treatment and clinical case

Mucocele in Pediatric Dentistry: Clinical and pathological characteristics

Mucocele is a benign lesion that occurs in the oral mucosa and is the product of an alteration in the minor salivary glands. It is recognized as a swelling with mucous content, well circumscribed, and bluish in color.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Marsupialization of a large mandibular cyst in a pediatric patient - Clinical Case ... Various techniques are used to surgically remove the mandibular cyst, enucleation when the cyst is small, or marsupialization when it is large

The presence of a mucocele may be due to trauma or ductal obstruction. The treatment is surgical and anesthesia is local, but depending on the behavior of the pediatric patient it can be performed with general anesthesia.

Advertisement

Let's know the clinical and pathological characteristics of salivary mucocele in children and adolescents.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Surgical excision of mucocele with local anesthesia in an 8-month-old baby ... We share the case of the surgical removal of a mucocele in an 08-month-old baby under local anesthesia

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 1:

👉 "Salivary Mucoceles in Children and Adolescents: A Clinicopathological Study" 👈
Poulopoulos A, Andreadis D, Parcharidis E, Grivea I, Syrogiannopoulos G, et al. (2017) Salivary Mucoceles in Children and Adolescents: A Clinicopathological Study. Glob J Medical Clin Case Rep 4(1): 011-014. DOI: 10.17352/2455-5282.000035

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 2:

👉 "MUCOCELES OF MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS IN CHILDREN. OWN CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS" 👈
Lewandowski B, Brodowski R, Pakla P, Makara A, Stopyra W, Startek B. Mucoceles of minor salivary glands in children. Own clinical observations. Dev Period Med. 2016;20(3):235-242. PMID: 27941195.

📌 More Recommended Items

► Natal teeth and Riga Fede ulcer: Diagnosis and treatment
► Management of antibiotics in odontogenic infections in pediatric dentistry
► Guideline on Pediatric Oral Surgery

Appropriate use of antibiotics in pediatric odontogenic infections

Oral infections in pediatric patients can trigger a severe septic condition that can put the patient's life at risk. The appropriate use of antibiotics is effective in the treatment of oral infections of odontogenic origin.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Antimicrobial therapies for odontogenic infections in children and adolescents ... Odontogenic infections can arise from caries or a periodontal problem, sometimes they can be due to dental trauma or iatrogenesis

Knowledge of antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics prevents resistance and adverse drug reactions. In addition, we must take a correct anamnesis to avoid allergic processes.

Advertisement

We share updated information on the appropriate use of antibiotics in infectious processes of odontogenic origin in pediatric patients.

📌 Recommended Article :

PDF 🔽 Odontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric patient - Medical-dental management considerations ... The infant's immune system is diminished, so it is necessary to control and eliminate the causative agent

📌 Read and download the article in PDF:

👉 "Use of Antibiotic Therapy for Pediatric Dental Patients" 👈

American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Use of antibiotic therapy for pediatric dental patients. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2023:537-41.

📌 More Recommended Items

► What is dental abscess? - Causes, diagnosis and treatment
► Facial swelling in a pediatric patient - Causes, clinical and radiological manifestations
► Ludwig's Angina. Presentation of a pediatric case

Oral lesions in neonates, children and adolescents. Characteristics, diagnosis and treatment

Oral lesions in newborns can affect hard and soft tissues, and can be part of a systemic condition, which is why it is of great interest to the neonatologist, pediatrician, and pediatric dentist.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 Frequent oral pathologies in the newborn - Diagnosis and treatment (cysts, infections, tumors) ... Some of the pathologies can cause limitations in feeding and in the development of the baby, so it is necessary to explain and guide the parents about the alterations found, the repercussions and the appropriate treatment

Clinical knowledge of injuries helps us make a timely diagnosis and effective treatment, in addition to correct advice to parents.

Advertisement

Learn about the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management of oral lesions that occur most frequently in neonates, children and adolescents. Information in PDF and video

📌 Recommended Article :

Article PDF 🔽 Odontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric patient - Diagnosis, treatment and multidisciplinary management ... Facial cellulitis is an infectious process, usually odontogenic, that puts the life of the pediatric patient at serious risk if it does not have the appropriate treatment

📌 Read and download the article in PDF:

👉 "Oral Pathology in Paediatric Patients" 👈

: Shah S (2018) Oral Pathology in Paediatric Patients. J Neonatol Clin Pediatr 5: 022

📌 Watch video: "CHALLENGING CASE SCENARIOS IN PEDIATRIC ORAL PATHOLOGY"

Youtube / Oral Pathology 360

📌 More Recommended Items

► Ludwig's angina in children - Case report, clinical and pharmacological management
► Epstein's pearls and Bohn's nodules: definition, characteristics and case report
► Riga-Fede Disease (Dentitia Praecox): Report of Two Cases with Literature Review

Characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of common oral disorders in newborns

The oral cavity of newborns can present lesions and alterations in the oral cavity that cause concern to their parents and that can also put the growth and development of the newborn at risk.

📌 Recommended Article :

Article PDF 🔽 Guide for the surgical management and oral pathology of the pediatric patient ... Some of the pathologies that we can frequently find in children that need surgical procedures are: supernumerary and impacted teeth, congenital cysts, mucoceles

Health professionals must know and recognize the characteristics of the different lesions that newborns present in the oral cavity so that they can adequately advise parents.

Advertisement

We share the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments of the oral lesions and conditions that occur most frequently in newborns. Information in PDF and video

📌 Recommended Article :

Article PDF 🔽 Neonatal tooth with Riga-Fede disease affecting breastfeeding: A case report ... Neonatal teeth generate an ulcer in the sublingual region, and it is known as Riga-Fede disease. Breastfeeding is compromised by the discomfort generated by the ulcer

📌 Read and download the article in PDF:

👉 "Diagnosis and management of oral lesions and conditions in the newborn" 👈

WFP Van Heerden & AW Van Zyl (2010) Diagnosis and management of oral lesions and conditions in the newborn, South African Family Practice, 52:6, 489-491, DOI:10.1080/20786204.2010.10874032

📌 Watch video: "PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY IN DECRYPTING ORAL NEONATAL LESIONS"

Youtube/ Oral Pathology 360

📌 More Recommended Items

► Frequent oral pathologies in the newborn - Diagnosis and treatment (cysts, infections, tumors)
► Oral Characteristics of Newborns
► Epstein's pearls and Bohn's nodules: definition, characteristics and case report

Zirconia crowns in pediatric dentistry: Clinical considerations and step-by-step procedure

Early childhood caries destroys children's dental tissue, especially the upper incisors, putting the patient's aesthetics, chewing, phonation, and social development at risk.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 Step-by-step preparation of molars and primary incisors for Zirconia crowns ... The greatest benefit of Zirconia crowns is aesthetics, compared to stainless steel crowns. At the time of preparation, a series of considerations must be taken by the pediatric dentist

Currently there are several aesthetic alternatives for the oral rehabilitation of pediatric patients, such as direct resins, celluloid crowns or zirconia crowns.

Advertisement

Learn about the indications and contraindications of zirconia crowns in pediatric dentistry, in addition to the clinical considerations and protocol for successful implementation of the crowns. Information in PDF and video

📌 Recommended Article :

Article PDF 🔽 Anterior dental esthetics in primary teeth - Oral Rehabilitation ... Primary teeth can be affected by bottle tooth decay, or by hypoplastic defects, and in some cases by bruxism

📌 Read and download the article in PDF:

👉 "Clinical considerations for preformed zirconia crowns in early childhood caries: A case series and review of literature" 👈

Rajesh Hemant Bariker, Jorge Casián-Adem, Ivonne Segovia. Clinical considerations for preformed zirconia crowns in early childhood caries: A case series and review of literature. Contemp Pediatr Dent 2022:3(1):24-34

📌 Watch video: "Zirconia crowns for anterior pediatric restoration"

Youtube/ Magnus Group LLC

📌 More Recommended Items

► Pediatric Zirconia Crown Technique - Anterior and Posterior
► The Hall Technique: Manual for the management of primary molar caries
► Alternative for the rehabilitation of pediatric patients with early childhood caries

What is dental abscess? - Causes, diagnosis and treatment

The progression of caries destroys the tooth structure and compromises the pulp, spreading the infection to the alveolar bone. The infectious process causes excruciating pain and requires immediate treatment.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video - PDF 🔽 Dental abscess, facial cellulitis and Ludwig's Angina in a pediatric patient - Diagnosis and treatment ... We share a complete list of clinical cases, scientific articles, videos on the diagnosis, surgical and pharmacological treatment of odontogenic infections in pediatric patients

Tooth abscess presents several signs and symptoms, the main ones being: intense pain when chewing, swelling, accumulation of pus and general discomfort.

Advertisement

Learn about the definition, causes, diagnosis, symptoms, clinical and pharmacological management of dental abscess in children and adults.

📌 Recommended Article :

Article PDF 🔽 Odontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric patient - Medical-dental management considerations ... In the initial stages, cellulite is of a soft consistency, in advanced stages it is hardened. The infant's immune system is diminished, so it is necessary to control and eliminate the causative agent

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 1:

👉 "Management of Oral Parafunctional Habits: A Case Report" 👈

Compiled by the GOSH web team in collaboration with the Child and Family Information Group Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH www.gosh.nhs.uk

📌 Watch video 1 "Dental abscess - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology"

Youtube/ Ósmosis

📌 Watch video 2 "What is an Abscessed Tooth & What To Do About It "

Youtube/ Ósmosis

📌 More Recommended Items

► How to manage dental infections? - Specific pharmacological treatment
► Antibiotics in dental infections in children. Which one to use?
► Dental pain in pediatric dentistry - Assessment tools

Pulpotomy and pulpectomy procedures. Indications and Differences

Pulpotomy and pulpectomy are treatments performed on primary teeth that are affected by deep caries and that compromise the dental pulp.

📌 Recommended Article :

VIDEO 🔽 What is the difference between apexogenesis and apexification? ... In the presence of an open apex, apexogenesis (apicoformation) or apexification can be used. Both treatments have differences that will be resolved with the video that we show below.

Clinical and radiological evaluation are necessary to determine appropriate treatment. Pulpectomy is recommended when it is necessary to completely remove the affected dental pulp, and pulpotomy partially removes the dental pulp.

Advertisement

We share the similarities, differences, indications, contraindications and step-by-step procedures of pulpotomy and pulpectomy.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video 🔽 Pulpectomy: Clinical Tips and Tricks in Paediatric Dentistry ... Pulpectomy is performed when there is an infectious process (fistula or abscess), chronic inflammation, or pulp necrosis

📌 Watch video 1 "PULPOTOMY AND PULPECTOMY. DEFINITION.INDICATIONS.CONTRAINDICATIONS."

Youtube / Dr Teeth

📌 Watch video 2 "WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PULPECTOMY AND PULPOTOMY?"

Youtube / Top Doctors UK

📌 More Recommended Items

► Apexogenesis: Step by step procedure
► Pulp Therapy Procedures Manual for Primary and Immature Permanent Teeth
► What is the best pulp dressing for pulpotomies in primary teeth? - Review

Parafunctional oral habits. Which are? Diagnosis and treatment

Parafunctional oral habits are repetitive actions that hinder the harmonious growth of the jaws and orofacial development. Parafunctional habits are highly prevalent and can be acquired and compulsive.

📌 Recommended Article :

Video - PDF 🔽 Dental abscess, facial cellulitis and Ludwig's Angina in a pediatric patient - Diagnosis and treatment ... We share a complete list of clinical cases, scientific articles, videos on the diagnosis, surgical and pharmacological treatment of odontogenic infections in pediatric patients

Early evaluation and diagnosis is essential in these cases, and treatment can be multifactorial through the intervention of the pediatrician and speech therapist. Some parafunctional habits are: tongue interposition, digital sucking and mouth breathing.

Advertisement

Let's know what the most common parafunctional habits are and their etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and their relationship with malocclusions.

📌 Recommended Article :

Article PDF 🔽 Odontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric patient - Medical-dental management considerations ... In the initial stages, cellulite is of a soft consistency, in advanced stages it is hardened. The infant's immune system is diminished, so it is necessary to control and eliminate the causative agent

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 1:

👉 "Management of Oral Parafunctional Habits: A Case Report" 👈

P.S, Murali & Achalli, Sonika & Chandragiri, Sandeep & Shetty, Sameep. (2023). Management of Oral Parafunctional Habits: A Case Report. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU. 10.1055/s-0043-1764358.

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 2:

👉 "Oral Habits and its Relationship to Malocclusion: A Review " 👈

Kharat S. Oral Habits and its Relationship to Malocclusion: A Review. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res 2014;2(4):123-126.

📌 Watch video "Parafunctional oral habits. Which are? Diagnosis and treatment"

Youtube/ Youtube PIDC

📌 More Recommended Items

► Ludwig's Angina. Presentation of a pediatric case
► Video: Dental Abscess in 3d
► Inferior alveolar nerve block Technique For Children - Tips and tricks

Painless anesthesia in pediatric dentistry - Application techniques and systems

Anesthesia helps control pain and improves the management of the pediatric patient, so it is important that the pediatric dentist knows the different anesthetic techniques to minimize the pain and stress of the patient.

📌 Recommended Article :

Manual in PDF 🔽 Manual of Local Anesthesia - Anesthetic techniques and anatomical references ... We share a dental anesthesia manual, which teaches us in a practical and simple way the different anesthetic techniques and their anatomical references

There are several factors that ensure effective anesthesia, such as knowledge of the anatomical structures, dosage, and administration of the anesthetic solution.

Advertisement

There are currently several local anesthetic administration systems that improve the patient's experience during the dental procedure. Learn about the new painless local anesthesia administration systems and techniques in pediatric dentistry, and how to control pain in pediatric patients.

📌 Recommended Article :

Watch the video 🔽 Inferior alveolar nerve block Technique For Children - Tips and tricks ... The inferior alveolar nerve block technique is one of the most used, because it blocks the painful sensations of half of the tongue, lip, teeth and bone of the lower jaw

📌 Read and download the article in PDF:

👉 "Painless Anaesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: An Updated Review" 👈

Kulkarni, Nupoor & Parakh, Anushka & Modi, Shagun & Mankare, Akash & Vanjari, Gauri & Fernandes, Gabriela. (2019). Painless Anaesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: An Updated Review. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 18. 67-71. 10.9790/0853-1804076771.

📌 More Recommended Items

► Local anesthesia calculations: How to avoid overdose and toxicity in pediatric patients?
► Allergic manifestations to local anaesthetic in pediatric dentistry: Prevention and management
► Considerations for Pediatric Local Anesthesia

Medical emergencies in pediatric dentistry: Diagnosis and treatment

Pediatric medical emergencies can occur in the dental office, and the professional must be prepared to prevent, identify, diagnose, and treat these life-threatening events.

📌 Recommended Article :

Watch the video 🔽 How to handle medical emergencies in pediatric dentistry? ... We share a video that teaches us what should be the immediate behavior that the pediatric dentist should have in the event of a medical emergency in a pediatric patient (syncope / asthma / anaphylaxis)

The clinical history must be rigorous to identify any medical history that puts us on alert during dental management, such as allergies or heart disease.

Advertisement

Let us know what are the pediatric medical emergencies that can happen during the dental consultation, their clinical manifestations and the definitive treatment.

📌 Recommended Article :

Article PDF 🔽 Management of mandibular fractures in children. Diagnosis and treatment. Case report ... The evaluation and treatment must be immediate to avoid functional disorders, serious consequences in the craniofacial development and in the aesthetics of the patient

📌 Read and download the article in PDF:

👉 "Management of Pediatric Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office" 👈

Steven Schwartz, DDS; Jayakumar Jayaraman, BDS, MDS, FDSRCS, MS, PhD Management of Pediatric Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office dentalcare.com

📌 More Recommended Items

► Medical emergencies in pediatric dentistry
► Management of antibiotics in odontogenic infections in pediatric dentistry
► Ludwig's Angina. Presentation of a pediatric case

Bruxism: What are the symptoms? How is it diagnosed?

Bruxism is a parafunctional and multifactorial activity that consists of abnormal contact of the teeth (clenching or grinding), resulting in pain and alterations in the chewing muscles, temporomandibular joint, and teeth.

📌 Recommended Article :

Watch the video 🔽 What are the consequences of bruxism? ... In many cases, the patient does not know that he suffers from bruxism, and is detected when he attends the dentist motivated by another consultation

Bruxism can occur at any age, and must be diagnosed and treated in time to avoid its serious consequences and complications. Treatment is sometimes usually multidisciplinary.

Advertisement

We share a review article on the symptoms of bruxism and its current concepts on the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

📌 Recommended Article :

Article PDF 🔽 How to Reduce a TMJ Dislocation? ... Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is a painful condition that occurs when the mandibular condyle becomes fixed in the anterosuperior aspect of the articular eminence

📌 Read and download the article in PDF:

👉 "Diagnosis and treatment of bruxism: Concepts from past to present" 👈

Dr. Hema Kanathila, Dr. Ashwin Pangi, Dr. Bharathi Poojary, Dr. Mallikarjun Doddamani. Diagnosis and treatment of bruxism: Concepts from past to present. Int J Appl Dent Sci 2018;4(1):290-295.

📌 Watch video "Symptoms of Bruxism"

Youtube/ Dr. Gorbatov Dentistry

📌 More Recommended Items

► Everything you need to know about bruxism
► Massage Tutorial: Myofascial release for TMJ/jaw pain
► Bruxism: Why do you need a dental splint?