Epstein's pearls and Bohn's nodules: definition, characteristics and case report

Bohn's nodules and Epstein's pearls are benign cysts found in the oral cavity of a newborn. They are observed as small lumps that are distributed in the oral cavity and disappear over time.

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Each one of them presents characteristics that differentiate them, and that must be evaluated by the pediatric dentist in order to identify them.

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We share interesting information about the characteristics and differential diagnosis of Bohn's nodules and Epstein's pearls. Additionally, we share a rare clinical case.

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 1:

👉 "Bohn Nodule and Epstein Pearls. Characteristics" 👈

Leung AKC, Barankin B, Lam JM, Leung AAH. An atlas of lumps and bumps, part 12. Consultant. 2022;62(1):e15-e16. doi:10.25270/con.2021.12.00007

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 2:

👉 "Epstein Pearls in Newborn" 👈

Karimi M DMD, BS*. Epstein Pearls in Newborn. Inter Ped Dent Open Acc J 7(4)- 2022. IPDOAJ.MS.ID.000266. DOI: 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2022.07.000266

📌 Read and download the article in PDF : Bohn’s Nodule: A Rare Case in a 7-month-old Male Infant



Taqwim, A., Intanningrum, S. D., Nuryanti, E., Pantouw, M. A. A., & Saskianti, T. (2022). Bohn’s Nodule: A Rare Case in a 7-month-old Male Infant. Acta Medica Philippina, 56(10). https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.2638

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What is pericoronitis? Causes, symptoms and treatment

Pericoronitis is an inflammation of the soft tissue that covers or surrounds a tooth that is in the process of eruption. This condition can occur in primary, mixed and permanent dentition.

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Watch the video 🔽 What You Should Know About Pericoronitis ... The patient presents with chewing pain, bad breath, inflammation of the gums and in some cases bleeding in the inflamed area.

By partially erupting, the soft tissue can accumulate food and bacteria that are difficult to remove. When the soft tissue becomes inflamed, it causes pain when chewing.

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Pericoronitis must be treated in time to avoid more serious infectious processes. Learn about the definition, causes, symptoms and treatment of pericoronitis.

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Ludwig's angina in a pediatric patient - Case report (diagnosis, symptoms and treatment)

Ludwig's angina is a severe and life-threatening infectious process with rapid progression. It is common in adults but can occur in children with suppressed immunity.

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Clinically, a painful, diffuse inflammation can be seen, making it difficult to speak and swallow. The patient with Ludwig's angina requires hospitalization and treatment with specific antibiotics.

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We share the case of a pediatric patient with Ludwig's Angina, and a bibliographic review of the infection in children.

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👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD THE ARTICLE "Ludwig's angina in a pediatric patient - Case report" IN PDF, HERE 👈

Brotherton H, Templeton K, Rowney DA, Montague ML (2014) Ludwig’s Angina: Paediatric Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 4: 174. doi:10.4172/2165-8048.1000174

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How is an oral biopsy taken? - Step by step procedure

Oral biopsy is a surgical procedure that removes a sample of tissue for examination in the laboratory by the pathologist. The procedure is ambulatory and with local anesthesia.

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This procedure is performed when a definitive diagnosis of a lesion suspected of malignancy is needed. The biopsy can be incisional or excisional, and requires skill on the part of the surgeon.

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We share an article that details the importance, indications and types of oral biopsy and the step-by-step procedure.

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Ludwig's angina in children - Case report, clinical and pharmacological management

Ludwig's angina is a serious infectious process (it puts the patient's life at risk) of rapid evolution that affects both adults and children. It generally affects the submandibular space, which turns children into care patients due to their anatomical characteristics.

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Treatment requires hospitalization, observation, and antibiotic therapy. Dental medical intervention must be immediate and effective to stop the spread of infection.

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Regarding a pediatric clinical case, we share the characteristics, clinical and pharmacological treatment of Ludwig's Angina in children.

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Download the PDF 🔽 Management of acute orofacial infection of odontogenic origin in children - Diagnosis, clinic and pharmacology ... Infections of odontogenic origin are those that are generated and evolve from a tooth, either by a process of pulpal or periodontal infection

📌Download the article in PDF :

👇 READ AND DOWNLOAD THE ARTICLE "Ludwig's angina in children - Case report, clinical and pharmacological management" IN PDF 👇


Jun-Kai Kao, Shun-Cheng Yang - Ludwig’s angina in children, Journal of Acute Medicine, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 23-26, ISSN 2211-5587, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacme.2011.07.002. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211558711000033)

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Molar incisor hypomineralisation: Definition, diagnosis and clinical management

Molar incisor hypomineralization is a development defect of dental enamel, and affects the aesthetics of the tooth and generates sensitivity and a high degree of enamel fracture, in addition to a high risk of caries.

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Download the PDF 🔽 Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Minimally Invasive Treatments - Step by Step ... The tooth affected by molar incisor hypomineralization has a porous appearance with brown, yellow and opaque white stains

The molar or incisor affected by hypomineralization presents a white/yellow color, and with an enamel susceptible to fracture. There are mild and severe cases, which is why an early diagnosis is important to avoid tooth loss.

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We share an article that teaches us what is the clinical management of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), differential diagnosis and treatment in mild and severe cases in children.

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👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "Molar incisor hypomineralisation: Definition, diagnosis and clinical management" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Daly D, Waldron JM. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: clinical management of the young patient. J Ir Dent Assoc. 2009 Apr-May;55(2):83-6. PMID: 19455847.

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How to treat anaphylaxis in children? - Clinical manifestations and treatment

Anaphylaxis is a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction in response to an allergen. The response is diverse and can range from skin manifestations to cardiovascular or respiratory disorders.

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The clinical picture must be recognized in order to take immediate action and avoid serious consequences. In dentistry, a picture of anaphylaxis may occur due to contact with a drug or an allergenic agent such as latex.

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We share important information about the clinical picture of anaphylaxis, the preventive attitude and the appropriate treatment for a pediatric patient in dentistry.

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👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "How to treat anaphylaxis in children? - Clinical manifestations and treatment" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Cheng A. Emergency treatment of anaphylaxis in infants and children. Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Jan;16(1):35-40. PMID: 22211074; PMCID: PMC3043023.

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Frequent oral pathologies in the newborn - Diagnosis and treatment (cysts, infections, tumors)

The newborn can present a series of pathologies that must be detected in time for early treatment. Sometimes the obstetrician or pediatrician does not recognize oral alterations, so evaluation by a pediatric dentist is important.

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Some of the pathologies can cause limitations in feeding and in the development of the baby, so it is necessary to explain and guide the parents about the alterations found, the repercussions and the appropriate treatment.

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The video that we share details the most common oral pathologies in neonates, detailing their etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

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What is Oral Candidiasis? - Everything you need to know - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

The Candida Albicans fungus, responsible for oral candidiasis, lives in our oral cavity together with other microorganisms but does not generate any pathological alteration.

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The disease manifests itself when the balance of the bacterial flora is disturbed or the patient's immunity decreases. Candida albicans most commonly affects infants and older adults, as they often have reduced immunity.

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All the information about Oral Candidiasis and its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment in the video that we share below.

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Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Minimally Invasive Treatments - Step by Step

The tooth affected by molar incisor hypomineralization has a porous appearance with brown, yellow and opaque white stains. It is of unknown etiology and the patient is affected in aesthetics.

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The patient may present sensitivity, and an accelerated wear of the dental structure. The risk of caries is high and must be treated to prevent tooth loss.

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We share the management protocol and techniques of minimally invasive treatments that exist for molar incisor hypomineralization.

📌Download the article in PDF :

👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): conservative treatment management to restore affected teeth" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Fragelli, Camila & Souza, Juliana & Jeremias, Fabiano & Cordeiro, Rita & Santos-Pinto, Lourdes. (2015). Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): conservative treatment management to restore affected teeth. Brazilian oral research.

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Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis in a pediatric patient - Characteristics and treatment

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare, benign, genetic disorder characterized by progressive enlargement of the gingival tissue. It has no symptoms and can be generalized or localized.

The increase in the gum prevents or delays the eruption of primary or permanent teeth, also affects the aesthetics of the patient, generating diastemas and dental malposition. Treatment is surgical removal of the gingival tissue.

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We share the clinical case report of a pediatric patient with hereditary gingival fibromatosis, the clinical and histological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment are addressed.

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Cunha JLS, Ramos MACDC, Regis DM, Sanchéz-Romero C, de Andrade ME, Bezerra BT, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC. Generalized hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a child: clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects. Autops Case Rep. 2020 Jan 21;10(1):e2020140.

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Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

Clinically, Molar Incisor Hypomineralization is characterized by presenting a dental piece with an enamel that fractures easily and of various colors that vary between yellow, brown and white. The causes are unknown but it is related to external and pharmacological factors.

The patient presents sensitivity, pain on chewing, high risk of caries. Other abnormalities such as fluorosis and enamel hypoplasia should be ruled out.

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We share a complete article on the factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization.

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Alternative for the rehabilitation of pediatric patients with early childhood caries

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Joëlle A.Dulla Hendrik Meyer-Lückel. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: narrative review on aetiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment decision. SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO VOL 131 11 P2021


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What is temporomandibular disorder? - Concept, diagnosis and current treatment

The temporomandibular joint is formed by the mandibular and the temporal bone of the skull, which together with muscular structures allow movements such as opening, closing, laterality, protrusion and mandibular retrusion.

The etiology of temporomandibular disorders are complex and varied, and it is a challenge for the evaluation, diagnosis and management of this pathology. Treatment can be conservative or surgical.

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Learn about the clinical manifestations, causes and consequences of temporomandibular disorders, in addition to the management and treatment of this pathology.

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Li, D.T.S.; Leung, Y.Y. Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Concepts and Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030459

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Ameloblastoma in a pediatric patient - Characteristics, treatment and clinical case

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor, non-malignant but locally aggressive, with high recurrence, and is evidenced as a facial swelling, or sometimes as a radiographic finding.

The patient refers symptoms such as pain, dental mobility, malocclusion and others. Treatment is surgical, and can be conservative or radical, and the technique to be used will depend on the pathological and radiographic evaluation of the tumor.

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We share a review on ameloblastoma and its clinical and radiographic characteristics, as well as surgical treatment, regarding the presentation of the case in a pediatric patient.

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Belardo, Edgar, Velasco, Ignacio, Guerra, Andrés, & Rosa, Edwin. (2012). Mandibular Ameloblastoma in a 10-year-old Child: Case Report and Review of the Literature. International journal of odontostomatology, 6(3), 331-336. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-381X2012000300016


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TMJ ankylosis in pediatric patients - Signs and symptoms

TMJ ankylosis is a pathology that consists of the fusion of the components of the joint with the mandibular fossa of the temporal. It may be unilateral or bilateral.

The displacement and movement of the TMJ is partially or totally limited, complicating eating and speaking. Treatment for TMJ ankylosis is surgery and physical therapy.

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We share a study on the causes, signs, symptoms and treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in children, as well as the success of surgical treatment.

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Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children - Clinical examination and treatment

Temporomandibular disorders involve the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint, causing pain and difficulty in chewing. These disorders are not common in children and adolescents, but it is necessary to know the signs and symptoms to be able to identify them.

Diagnosis is through clinical and radiographic examinations, and treatment aims to eliminate pain, improve chewing, and reduce risk factors. In some cases, treatment is multidisciplinary.

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The article recommends how to perform a clinical examination and recognize the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in children, as well as offering treatment options in pediatric patients.

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American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Acquired temporomandibular disorders in infants, children, and adolescents. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:426-34.

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