Malformations and anomalies of the branchial arches - Diagnosis and management

The branchial or pharyngeal arches are slits that are located on both sides of the embryo, and from them originate the muscles, bones, cartilage and nerves of the face, head and neck.

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During the process of growth and development of tissues, alterations may occur that lead to sinuses, fistulas or cysts. The location of the alteration determines which branchial arch it belongs to.

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Learn what the alterations and malformations of the branchial arches are, detailing the clinical management and treatment.

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👉 "First and second branchial arch syndromes: multimodality approach" 👈
Senggen E, Laswed T, Meuwly JY, Maestre LA, Jaques B, Meuli R, Gudinchet F. First and second branchial arch syndromes: multimodality approach. Pediatr Radiol. 2011 May;41(5):549-61. doi: 10.1007/s00247-010-1831-3. Epub 2010 Oct 6. PMID: 20924574.

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👉 "Management of congenital third branchial arch anomalies: A systematic review" 👈
Nicoucar K, Giger R, Jaecklin T, Pope HG Jr, Dulguerov P. Management of congenital third branchial arch anomalies: a systematic review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Jan;142(1):21-28.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.09.001. Epub 2009 Nov 25. PMID: 20096218.

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👉 "Management of congenital fourth branchial arch anomalies: a review and analysis of published cases" 👈
Nicoucar K, Giger R, Pope HG Jr, Jaecklin T, Dulguerov P. Management of congenital fourth branchial arch anomalies: a review and analysis of published cases. J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Jul;44(7):1432-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.12.001. PMID: 19573674.

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