Oral cancer: Risk factors, management, procedures and types of treatment

Oral cancer is caused by an uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the oral mucosa. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant and occur mostly in men over 50 years of age.

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The etiology of oral cancer is unknown but there are factors that increase the risk of suffering from it, for example: tobacco, alcohol, genetics, infections. We must have a preventive attitude by performing a self-examination and continuous visits to the dentist.

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Let's learn about the risk factors, management, and correct evaluation to identify the clinical manifestations of oral cancer. Let's also discover what the new technologies are for diagnosis and treatment.

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Bruxism: What are the symptoms? How is it diagnosed?

Bruxism is a parafunctional and multifactorial activity that consists of abnormal contact of the teeth (clenching or grinding), resulting in pain and alterations in the chewing muscles, temporomandibular joint, and teeth.

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Bruxism can occur at any age, and must be diagnosed and treated in time to avoid its serious consequences and complications. Treatment is sometimes usually multidisciplinary.

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We share a review article on the symptoms of bruxism and its current concepts on the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

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Article PDF 🔽 How to Reduce a TMJ Dislocation? ... Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is a painful condition that occurs when the mandibular condyle becomes fixed in the anterosuperior aspect of the articular eminence

📌 Read and download the article in PDF:

👉 "Diagnosis and treatment of bruxism: Concepts from past to present" 👈

Dr. Hema Kanathila, Dr. Ashwin Pangi, Dr. Bharathi Poojary, Dr. Mallikarjun Doddamani. Diagnosis and treatment of bruxism: Concepts from past to present. Int J Appl Dent Sci 2018;4(1):290-295.

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Epstein's pearls and Bohn's nodules: definition, characteristics and case report

Bohn's nodules and Epstein's pearls are benign cysts found in the oral cavity of a newborn. They are observed as small lumps that are distributed in the oral cavity and disappear over time.

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Each one of them presents characteristics that differentiate them, and that must be evaluated by the pediatric dentist in order to identify them.

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We share interesting information about the characteristics and differential diagnosis of Bohn's nodules and Epstein's pearls. Additionally, we share a rare clinical case.

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 1:

👉 "Bohn Nodule and Epstein Pearls. Characteristics" 👈

Leung AKC, Barankin B, Lam JM, Leung AAH. An atlas of lumps and bumps, part 12. Consultant. 2022;62(1):e15-e16. doi:10.25270/con.2021.12.00007

📌 Read and download the article in PDF 2:

👉 "Epstein Pearls in Newborn" 👈

Karimi M DMD, BS*. Epstein Pearls in Newborn. Inter Ped Dent Open Acc J 7(4)- 2022. IPDOAJ.MS.ID.000266. DOI: 10.32474/IPDOAJ.2022.07.000266

📌 Read and download the article in PDF : Bohn’s Nodule: A Rare Case in a 7-month-old Male Infant



Taqwim, A., Intanningrum, S. D., Nuryanti, E., Pantouw, M. A. A., & Saskianti, T. (2022). Bohn’s Nodule: A Rare Case in a 7-month-old Male Infant. Acta Medica Philippina, 56(10). https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.2638

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How is an oral biopsy taken? - Step by step procedure

Oral biopsy is a surgical procedure that removes a sample of tissue for examination in the laboratory by the pathologist. The procedure is ambulatory and with local anesthesia.

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This procedure is performed when a definitive diagnosis of a lesion suspected of malignancy is needed. The biopsy can be incisional or excisional, and requires skill on the part of the surgeon.

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We share an article that details the importance, indications and types of oral biopsy and the step-by-step procedure.

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👇 READ AND DOWNLOAD THE ARTICLE "How is an oral biopsy taken? - Step by step procedure" IN PDF 👇


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Frequent oral pathologies in the newborn - Diagnosis and treatment (cysts, infections, tumors)

The newborn can present a series of pathologies that must be detected in time for early treatment. Sometimes the obstetrician or pediatrician does not recognize oral alterations, so evaluation by a pediatric dentist is important.

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Download the PDF 🔽 Neonatal tooth with Riga-Fede disease affecting breastfeeding: A case report ... Neonatal teeth generate an ulcer in the sublingual region, and it is known as Riga-Fede disease. Breastfeeding is compromised by the discomfort generated by the ulcer.

Some of the pathologies can cause limitations in feeding and in the development of the baby, so it is necessary to explain and guide the parents about the alterations found, the repercussions and the appropriate treatment.

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The video that we share details the most common oral pathologies in neonates, detailing their etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

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What is Oral Candidiasis? - Everything you need to know - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

The Candida Albicans fungus, responsible for oral candidiasis, lives in our oral cavity together with other microorganisms but does not generate any pathological alteration.

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Download the PDF 🔽 Management of Angular Cheilitis in children ... Angular Cheilitis occurs more in children and it is caused by children sensitivity against certain contact agents like toys, foods, sunlight, allergy against medicines, cosmetics, and long term antibiotic treatment.

The disease manifests itself when the balance of the bacterial flora is disturbed or the patient's immunity decreases. Candida albicans most commonly affects infants and older adults, as they often have reduced immunity.

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All the information about Oral Candidiasis and its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment in the video that we share below.

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Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis in a pediatric patient - Characteristics and treatment

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare, benign, genetic disorder characterized by progressive enlargement of the gingival tissue. It has no symptoms and can be generalized or localized.

The increase in the gum prevents or delays the eruption of primary or permanent teeth, also affects the aesthetics of the patient, generating diastemas and dental malposition. Treatment is surgical removal of the gingival tissue.

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We share the clinical case report of a pediatric patient with hereditary gingival fibromatosis, the clinical and histological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment are addressed.

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👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis in a pediatric patient - Characteristics and treatment" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Cunha JLS, Ramos MACDC, Regis DM, Sanchéz-Romero C, de Andrade ME, Bezerra BT, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC. Generalized hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a child: clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects. Autops Case Rep. 2020 Jan 21;10(1):e2020140.

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TMJ ankylosis in pediatric patients - Signs and symptoms

TMJ ankylosis is a pathology that consists of the fusion of the components of the joint with the mandibular fossa of the temporal. It may be unilateral or bilateral.

The displacement and movement of the TMJ is partially or totally limited, complicating eating and speaking. Treatment for TMJ ankylosis is surgery and physical therapy.

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We share a study on the causes, signs, symptoms and treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in children, as well as the success of surgical treatment.

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👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "TMJ ankylosis in pediatric patients - Signs and symptoms" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis In Children. Mzubanzi Mabongo. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 12, Issue 5 (Nov.- Dec. 2013), PP 35-41


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Craniofacial syndromes and oral anomalies. Characteristics and clinical cases

Craniofacial malformations are congenital and come from poor development of the first and second brachial arches, sometimes they are associated with a syndrome. The causes are varied, they can be due to infection, radiation or chemicals.

Syndromes are a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a disease, may be of known or unknown etiology. There is a great variety of syndromes and craniofacial malformations, and each one of them has different characteristics that it is necessary to know.

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We share a complete review of different malformations and craniofacial syndromes taking into account their dento-oro-maxillofacial characteristics, and presenting cases of dental interest.

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👇 READ AND DOWNLOAD THE ARTICLE "Craniofacial syndromes and oral anomalies. Characteristics and clinical cases." IN PDF 👇


Salerno, C.; D’Avola, V.; Oberti, L.; Almonte, E.; Bazzini, E.M.; Tartaglia, G.M.; Cagetti, M.G. Rare Genetic Syndromes and Oral Anomalies: A Review of the Literature and Case Series with a New Classification Proposal. Children 2022, 9, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9010012

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Guide for the surgical management and oral pathology of the pediatric patient

To perform a surgical procedure in pediatric patients, we must take into account a series of special considerations, such as knowledge of anatomy, dental development and eruption, behavior and behavior of the patient.

Some of the pathologies that we can frequently find in children that need surgical procedures are: supernumerary and impacted teeth, congenital cysts, mucoceles.

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We share a manual that offers us recommendations and criteria for surgical procedures in pediatric patients and the most common pathological cases (biopsies, cysts, tumors, natal and neonatal teeth, mucocele, granulomas)

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👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "Guide for the surgical management and oral pathology of the pediatric patient" IN FULL IN PDF👈

American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Management considerations for pediatric oral surgery and oral pathology. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:450-60.

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Neonatal tooth with Riga-Fede disease affecting breastfeeding: A case report

Neonatal teeth are those that erupt in the first weeks of life, unlike natal teeth that are present in the oral cavity at birth. The presence of these teeth has an impact on breastfeeding and on the baby's oral health.

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Neonatal teeth generate an ulcer in the sublingual region, and it is known as Riga-Fede disease. Breastfeeding is compromised by the discomfort generated by the ulcer.

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We share an article that describes the characteristics of neonatal teeth and their implications for the health and breastfeeding of the baby.

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👉 Download the full article Here 👈

Jamani, N.A., Ardini, Y.D. & Harun, N.A. Neonatal tooth with Riga-Fide disease affecting breastfeeding: a case report. Int Breastfeed J 13, 35 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-018-0176-7
Image: Adone Baroni MD / Carlo Capristo MD / Luigi Rossiello MD / Franco Faccenda MD / Rocco Alfredo Satriano MD
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Pediatric oral RANULA: Clinical cases and follow-up

Oral ranulas are cystic lesions located on the floor of the mouth that arise from obstruction of the excretory duct of the sublingual gland. This causes an accumulation of mucoid material, leading to a well-circumscribed swelling in the oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth.

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Oral ranula is an infrequent pathology, appearing more frequently in children. A review of articles published on oral ranula between 2000 and 2009, found only 12 series, of which eight were specific to the pediatric population.

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The largest series corresponded to Chidzonga et al who analyzed 61 oral ranulas in children younger than 10 years. Some authors discuss ranulas in the general population and other authors have published isolated clinical cases.

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It was therefore interesting to analyze oral ranulas in a large sample of pediatric patients of the Oral and Maxi-llofacial Surgery Department of the La Fe University Children’s Hospital, Valencia. The aim is to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of oral ranulas in pediatric patients.



° Bonet-Coloma C, Minguez-Martinez I, Aloy-Prósper A, Galán-Gil S, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Mínguez-Sanz JM. Pediatric oral ranula: Clinical follow-up study of 57 cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Mar 1;16 (2):e158-62. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v16i2/medoralv16i2p158.pdf

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What are the symptoms of clenched teeth and how can we fix it?

Grinding and grinding of the teeth is called bruxism. This activity is nocturnal and in states of unconsciousness. The consequences of bruxism is varied, since it affects teeth, muscles and bones.

The teeth wear out quickly and may have some fissure or fracture of the enamel. In the case of muscles, they become inflamed and generate great pain when chewing or talking.

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If you want to know more information about bruxism and its consequences on our health, we invite you to watch the following video.

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Why did oral HPV cases increase in men?

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is an infection whose most frequent contagion is by sexual transmission. This infection can cause genital warts and in other cases cause uterine cancer.

There are also certain types of HPV that can cause an oral infection and can also cause cancer in the oral cavity.

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A study conducted in 2017 highlighted that 11 million men were infected with oral HPV between 2011 and 2014. What is oral HPV and why does it increase the risk of oral cancer in men?

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Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus in children

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). From its discovery in 1981 to 2006, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has killed more than 25 million people.

HIV infects about 0.6% of the world's population. In 2005, AIDS claimed an estimated 2.4-3.3 million lives, of which more than 570,000 were children. Most of the cases are seen in sub-Saharan countries and developing nations.

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Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity rates of HIV infection, but routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries. HIV transmission in children occurs mainly through vertical transmission (mother to child).

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° Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Vol. 16 Issue 2 May - Aug 2012
° Srinivas Rao Ponnam / Gautam Srivastava / Kotaih Theruru

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What Does Your Tongue Say About Your State Of Health?

The tongue plays an important role in many functions such as chewing, swallowing, and speech. Having a healthy tongue is necessary because various diseases become visible through it.

We must take into account the color, shape and texture of the tongue because variations of it may indicate some pathology. When washing your mouth, do not forget to also use the brush to clean the tongue.



We leave you this interesting video where it shows us the different colors that our language may have and the pathologies that may be happening to us.

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