Molar incisor hypomineralisation: Definition, diagnosis and clinical management

Molar incisor hypomineralization is a development defect of dental enamel, and affects the aesthetics of the tooth and generates sensitivity and a high degree of enamel fracture, in addition to a high risk of caries.

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Download the PDF 🔽 Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Minimally Invasive Treatments - Step by Step ... The tooth affected by molar incisor hypomineralization has a porous appearance with brown, yellow and opaque white stains

The molar or incisor affected by hypomineralization presents a white/yellow color, and with an enamel susceptible to fracture. There are mild and severe cases, which is why an early diagnosis is important to avoid tooth loss.

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We share an article that teaches us what is the clinical management of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), differential diagnosis and treatment in mild and severe cases in children.

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👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "Molar incisor hypomineralisation: Definition, diagnosis and clinical management" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Daly D, Waldron JM. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: clinical management of the young patient. J Ir Dent Assoc. 2009 Apr-May;55(2):83-6. PMID: 19455847.

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How to treat anaphylaxis in children? - Clinical manifestations and treatment

Anaphylaxis is a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction in response to an allergen. The response is diverse and can range from skin manifestations to cardiovascular or respiratory disorders.

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The clinical picture must be recognized in order to take immediate action and avoid serious consequences. In dentistry, a picture of anaphylaxis may occur due to contact with a drug or an allergenic agent such as latex.

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We share important information about the clinical picture of anaphylaxis, the preventive attitude and the appropriate treatment for a pediatric patient in dentistry.

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👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "How to treat anaphylaxis in children? - Clinical manifestations and treatment" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Cheng A. Emergency treatment of anaphylaxis in infants and children. Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Jan;16(1):35-40. PMID: 22211074; PMCID: PMC3043023.

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Frequent oral pathologies in the newborn - Diagnosis and treatment (cysts, infections, tumors)

The newborn can present a series of pathologies that must be detected in time for early treatment. Sometimes the obstetrician or pediatrician does not recognize oral alterations, so evaluation by a pediatric dentist is important.

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Some of the pathologies can cause limitations in feeding and in the development of the baby, so it is necessary to explain and guide the parents about the alterations found, the repercussions and the appropriate treatment.

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The video that we share details the most common oral pathologies in neonates, detailing their etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

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What is Oral Candidiasis? - Everything you need to know - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

The Candida Albicans fungus, responsible for oral candidiasis, lives in our oral cavity together with other microorganisms but does not generate any pathological alteration.

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The disease manifests itself when the balance of the bacterial flora is disturbed or the patient's immunity decreases. Candida albicans most commonly affects infants and older adults, as they often have reduced immunity.

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All the information about Oral Candidiasis and its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment in the video that we share below.

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Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Minimally Invasive Treatments - Step by Step

The tooth affected by molar incisor hypomineralization has a porous appearance with brown, yellow and opaque white stains. It is of unknown etiology and the patient is affected in aesthetics.

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Download the PDF 🔽 Modified Hall technique in hypomineralized molar ... We share the management of severely hypomineralized molars using the modified Hall technique, indicating its advantages, objectives and the step-by-step process

The patient may present sensitivity, and an accelerated wear of the dental structure. The risk of caries is high and must be treated to prevent tooth loss.

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We share the management protocol and techniques of minimally invasive treatments that exist for molar incisor hypomineralization.

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👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): conservative treatment management to restore affected teeth" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Fragelli, Camila & Souza, Juliana & Jeremias, Fabiano & Cordeiro, Rita & Santos-Pinto, Lourdes. (2015). Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): conservative treatment management to restore affected teeth. Brazilian oral research.

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Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis in a pediatric patient - Characteristics and treatment

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare, benign, genetic disorder characterized by progressive enlargement of the gingival tissue. It has no symptoms and can be generalized or localized.

The increase in the gum prevents or delays the eruption of primary or permanent teeth, also affects the aesthetics of the patient, generating diastemas and dental malposition. Treatment is surgical removal of the gingival tissue.

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We share the clinical case report of a pediatric patient with hereditary gingival fibromatosis, the clinical and histological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment are addressed.

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Cunha JLS, Ramos MACDC, Regis DM, Sanchéz-Romero C, de Andrade ME, Bezerra BT, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC. Generalized hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a child: clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects. Autops Case Rep. 2020 Jan 21;10(1):e2020140.

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Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

Clinically, Molar Incisor Hypomineralization is characterized by presenting a dental piece with an enamel that fractures easily and of various colors that vary between yellow, brown and white. The causes are unknown but it is related to external and pharmacological factors.

The patient presents sensitivity, pain on chewing, high risk of caries. Other abnormalities such as fluorosis and enamel hypoplasia should be ruled out.

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We share a complete article on the factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization.

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Alternative for the rehabilitation of pediatric patients with early childhood caries

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Joëlle A.Dulla Hendrik Meyer-Lückel. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: narrative review on aetiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment decision. SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO VOL 131 11 P2021


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What is temporomandibular disorder? - Concept, diagnosis and current treatment

The temporomandibular joint is formed by the mandibular and the temporal bone of the skull, which together with muscular structures allow movements such as opening, closing, laterality, protrusion and mandibular retrusion.

The etiology of temporomandibular disorders are complex and varied, and it is a challenge for the evaluation, diagnosis and management of this pathology. Treatment can be conservative or surgical.

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Learn about the clinical manifestations, causes and consequences of temporomandibular disorders, in addition to the management and treatment of this pathology.

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Li, D.T.S.; Leung, Y.Y. Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Concepts and Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030459

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Ameloblastoma in a pediatric patient - Characteristics, treatment and clinical case

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor, non-malignant but locally aggressive, with high recurrence, and is evidenced as a facial swelling, or sometimes as a radiographic finding.

The patient refers symptoms such as pain, dental mobility, malocclusion and others. Treatment is surgical, and can be conservative or radical, and the technique to be used will depend on the pathological and radiographic evaluation of the tumor.

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We share a review on ameloblastoma and its clinical and radiographic characteristics, as well as surgical treatment, regarding the presentation of the case in a pediatric patient.

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Belardo, Edgar, Velasco, Ignacio, Guerra, Andrés, & Rosa, Edwin. (2012). Mandibular Ameloblastoma in a 10-year-old Child: Case Report and Review of the Literature. International journal of odontostomatology, 6(3), 331-336. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-381X2012000300016


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TMJ ankylosis in pediatric patients - Signs and symptoms

TMJ ankylosis is a pathology that consists of the fusion of the components of the joint with the mandibular fossa of the temporal. It may be unilateral or bilateral.

The displacement and movement of the TMJ is partially or totally limited, complicating eating and speaking. Treatment for TMJ ankylosis is surgery and physical therapy.

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We share a study on the causes, signs, symptoms and treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in children, as well as the success of surgical treatment.

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Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis In Children. Mzubanzi Mabongo. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 12, Issue 5 (Nov.- Dec. 2013), PP 35-41


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Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children - Clinical examination and treatment

Temporomandibular disorders involve the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint, causing pain and difficulty in chewing. These disorders are not common in children and adolescents, but it is necessary to know the signs and symptoms to be able to identify them.

Diagnosis is through clinical and radiographic examinations, and treatment aims to eliminate pain, improve chewing, and reduce risk factors. In some cases, treatment is multidisciplinary.

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The article recommends how to perform a clinical examination and recognize the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in children, as well as offering treatment options in pediatric patients.

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American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Acquired temporomandibular disorders in infants, children, and adolescents. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:426-34.

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Craniofacial syndromes and oral anomalies. Characteristics and clinical cases

Craniofacial malformations are congenital and come from poor development of the first and second brachial arches, sometimes they are associated with a syndrome. The causes are varied, they can be due to infection, radiation or chemicals.

Syndromes are a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a disease, may be of known or unknown etiology. There is a great variety of syndromes and craniofacial malformations, and each one of them has different characteristics that it is necessary to know.

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We share a complete review of different malformations and craniofacial syndromes taking into account their dento-oro-maxillofacial characteristics, and presenting cases of dental interest.

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Salerno, C.; D’Avola, V.; Oberti, L.; Almonte, E.; Bazzini, E.M.; Tartaglia, G.M.; Cagetti, M.G. Rare Genetic Syndromes and Oral Anomalies: A Review of the Literature and Case Series with a New Classification Proposal. Children 2022, 9, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9010012

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Natal teeth and Riga Fede ulcer: Diagnosis and treatment

Riga Fede ulcer is usually located on the ventral side of the tongue, and is caused by the trauma caused by the presence of a natal or neonatal tooth. It is painful, so it limits the sucking action of breast milk, putting the baby's feeding at risk.

Natal and neonatal teeth are of unknown etiology, and are characterized by not presenting a single shape, they can be small or large and conical or normal in shape.

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We share the clinical implications and the approach to the treatment of natal and neonatal teeth, regarding the case of the presence of Riga Fede ulcer in a two-month-old baby.

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Danelon, M., Emerenciano, N. G., Garcia, L. G., Percinoto, C., & Cunha, R. F. (2017). Natal teeth associated with Riga-Fede ulcer: case report. ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v6i4.2059

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Dentigerous cyst in mixed and primary dentition. Diagnosis and surgical treatment

Dentigerous cysts are cavities with liquid content, and develop from the remains of the enamel epithelium. They are the most common, benign cysts, and are usually located in the lower jaw. It is related to the crowns of unerupted teeth.

They manifest as radiographic findings or when the patient has acute inflammation. Enucleation of the cyst is performed using the surgical technique of marsupialization.

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We share several cases that report the diagnosis, management and surgical treatment (enucleation and marsupialization) of the dentigerous cyst in mixed and primary dentition.

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👉 ARTICLE 1: READ AND DOWNLOAD "Dentigerous Cysts in Primary Dentition: Report of 2 Cases" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Delbem AC, Cunha RF, Afonso RL, Bianco KG, Idem AP. Dentigerous cysts in primary dentition: report of 2 cases. Pediatr Dent. 2006 May-Jun;28(3):269-72. PMID: 16805361.

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McKinney, S. L., & Lukes, S. M. (2021). Dentigerous cyst in a young child: a case report. Canadian journal of dental hygiene : CJDH = Journal canadien de l'hygiene dentaire : JCHD, 55(3), 177–181.

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Meer, Zakirulla & Yavagal, Chandrashekar & Jayashankar, DN & Meer, Allahbaksh. (2012). Dentigerous Cyst in Children: A Case Report and Outline of Clinical Management for Pediatric and General Dentists. Journal of Orofacial Research. 2. 238-242. 10.5005/jp-journals-10026-1051.

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Marsupialization of a large mandibular cyst in a pediatric patient - Clinical Case

Mandibular cysts are generally benign neoplasms, may be of odontogenic origin and vary in size and severity. Mandibular cysts can expand, injuring large extensions of bone tissue, involving the stability of the teeth.

Various techniques are used to surgically remove the mandibular cyst, enucleation when the cyst is small, or marsupialization when it is large.

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We share the case of surgical removal (marsupialization) of a large mandibular cyst in a pediatric patient, and the use of a multipurpose space maintainer.

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Salem Waly. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 2090-097X, October 2019, Vol. 10, No. 4

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What are those bony bumps in my mouth? (Torus)

Torus are exostoses or benign bony protrusions that appear in the upper or lower jaw. It can be unilateral or bilateral, and its etiology is unknown, but it is related to genetic factors, trauma or environmental factors.

The torus should be removed if they are large and generate aesthetic, chewing, swallowing problems, or when they interfere with the making of dental prostheses.

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The bony bumps (torus) are slow growing and can appear in the upper or lower jaw, their removal is surgical. More information about its characteristics and manifestations in the article that we share.

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Soumya Chatterjee. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Jan 2016, 83 (1) 17-18; DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.83a.15033

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