Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children - Clinical examination and treatment

Temporomandibular disorders involve the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint, causing pain and difficulty in chewing. These disorders are not common in children and adolescents, but it is necessary to know the signs and symptoms to be able to identify them.

Diagnosis is through clinical and radiographic examinations, and treatment aims to eliminate pain, improve chewing, and reduce risk factors. In some cases, treatment is multidisciplinary.

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The article recommends how to perform a clinical examination and recognize the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in children, as well as offering treatment options in pediatric patients.

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American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Acquired temporomandibular disorders in infants, children, and adolescents. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:426-34.

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Space Maintainer in Pediatric Dentistry: How do they work? Benefits and indications

The primary teeth fulfill several functions, one of them is to save and maintain the space that corresponds to the permanent tooth until its exfoliation.

The premature loss of primary teeth puts the correct position and occlusion of the permanent teeth at risk. Preventive orthodontics makes use of space maintainers to prevent unwanted tooth movements.

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We share a complete study and review on the importance, indications, types and effectiveness of space maintainers in pediatric dentistry.

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What is the role of space maintainers? Types of maintainers

👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "The Use of Space Maintainer in Pediatric Dentistry: A Systematic Review " IN FULL IN PDF👈

(2021). The Use of Space Maintainer in Pediatric Dentistry: A Systematic Review. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 8(2), 1532-1545.

👉 READ AND DOWNLOAD "Dental Space Maintainers: A Brief Review" IN FULL IN PDF👈

[Nayara Silva de Oliveira Morais1, Fabiana Barbosa Faustino1, Talysson Silva de Oliveira Morais, Elias NaimKassis, Fábio Pereira Linhares de Castro, Andreia Borges Scriboni, Simone Andreia Gubolin, Leandro Moreira Tempest and Idiberto José Zotarelli Filho. (2016); DENTAL SPACE MAINTAINERS: A BRIEF REVIEW. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 4 (Oct). 2086-2092] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com


👉 ALSO WATCH THE VIDEO: What is a Space Maintainer and How Does It Work?

Fuente: Youtube / Denovo Dental

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Why do stainless steel crowns fail?

When primary molars lose a lot of dental tissue due to extensive caries or trauma, it is necessary to rehabilitate them with preformed steel crowns, which have a high success rate.

Stainless steel crowns are placed in an easy-to-perform, one-appointment procedure and are inexpensive. There are cases of failure that are the reason for this study.

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We share a study that analyzes the causes and reasons for the failure of stainless steel crowns in pediatric dentistry, taking into account clinical analyzes and data in the literature.

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Prakash AS (2020) Crowns in pediatric dentistry –A Review on the failures. Oral Health Care 5: DOI: 10.15761/OHC.1000193.

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Stainless Steel Crowns: Adaptation and installation - Step by step

Steel crowns in pediatric dentistry are a method of restoring primary teeth that are severely affected by caries or dental trauma, in this way natural exfoliation is expected.

Steel crowns are the most used for their easy adaptation, installation and low cost. Currently, the Hall technique is used, which simplifies the procedure for installing metal crowns.

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The video that we share teaches us everything related to steel crowns, advantages, disadvantages, and how to select the appropriate crown. It also teaches us the step-by-step adaptation and installation of steel crowns in pediatric dentistry.

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Source: Youtube/ Pediatric Dentistry Simplified

What is the best pulp dressing for pulpotomies in primary teeth? - Review

Caries is an infectious process that affects the dental structure and compromises the pulp, putting the vitality and permanence of the tooth at risk. Pulpal therapies in primary dentition have as main objective to maintain the tooth until its natural exfoliation.

Pulpotomy removes the pulp from the pulp chamber and places a dressing to stop bleeding and mummify the entrance to the radicular pulp. This procedure maintains the vitality of the primary tooth.

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Different pulp dressings have been used in pulpotomies, each with different characteristics and properties. The article we share compares all pulp dressings to determine which is the most effective.

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Bossù, M., Iaculli, F., Di Giorgio, G., Salucci, A., Polimeni, A., & Di Carlo, S. (2020). Different Pulp Dressing Materials for the Pulpotomy of Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(3), 838. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030838

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Modified Hall technique in hypomineralized molar

Enamel hypomineralization is a developmental defect, it does not have a defined cause although it is related to systemic or environmental alterations during the first three years of life.

Molars with hypomineralized enamel are susceptible to erosion and caries. The rehabilitation of the molars is necessary to avoid early tooth loss, and in this case a steel crown was placed with the modified Hall technique.

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We share the management of severely hypomineralized molars using the modified Hall technique, indicating its advantages, objectives and the step-by-step process.

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Quintero Y, Leite de Farias A, Restrepo M, Santos-Pinto L. Modified Hall technique for severely hypomineralized molars. Report of cases. Rev. CES Odont 2021; 34(1): 118-124

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Space Maintainers: Types, indications and complications

Dental trauma and extensive caries are the most common reasons for premature loss of primary teeth. In these cases it is necessary to place a space maintainer whose objective is to preserve the space destined for the successor permanent tooth.

Space maintainers can be fixed or removable, unilateral or bilateral, and have different designs. The specialist will decide which type of maintainer is suitable for the patient after a clinical and radiographic evaluation.

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We share complete information on the importance of space maintainers in the prevention of dental malocclusions, reviewing their applications, indications and complications.

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What is the role of space maintainers? Types of maintainers

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Albati, M., Showlag, R., Akili, A., Hanafiyyah, H., AlNashri, H., Aladwani, W., Alfarsi, G., Alharbi, M., & Almutairi, A. (2018). Space maintainers application, indication and complications. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 5(11), 4970-4974. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184251

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Management of mandibular fractures in children. Diagnosis and treatment. Case report

Mandibular fractures in children are rare, and deserve special care because they are in full growth and craniofacial development. The appropriate treatment will depend on the age of the child and the affected mandibular area.

The evaluation and treatment must be immediate to avoid functional disorders, serious consequences in the craniofacial development and in the aesthetics of the patient. The treatment of mandibular fractures can be conservative or surgical.

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We share the recommendations for the diagnosis, management and treatment of mandibular fractures in pediatric patients, and we report the case of a 3-year-old patient and her surgical treatment.

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👉 Article 1: READ AND DOWNLOAD "Mandibular fractures in children under 3 years: A rare case report" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Renato Maranoa, Patrício de Oliveira Netoa, Keiko Oliveira Sakugawab, Liliane S.S. Zanettic, Márcio de Moraesa. Mandibular fractures in children under 3 years: A rare case report. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac. 2013;54(3):166–170

👉 Article 2: READ AND DOWNLOAD "What are the differences in Pediatric Mandible Fractures?" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Karacor- Altuntas Z, Ismayilzade M (2017) What are the Differences in Pediatric Mandible Fractures? J. Aesthet Reconstr Surg. Vol 3 No.2: 11

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Natal teeth and Riga Fede ulcer: Diagnosis and treatment

Riga Fede ulcer is usually located on the ventral side of the tongue, and is caused by the trauma caused by the presence of a natal or neonatal tooth. It is painful, so it limits the sucking action of breast milk, putting the baby's feeding at risk.

Natal and neonatal teeth are of unknown etiology, and are characterized by not presenting a single shape, they can be small or large and conical or normal in shape.

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We share the clinical implications and the approach to the treatment of natal and neonatal teeth, regarding the case of the presence of Riga Fede ulcer in a two-month-old baby.

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Danelon, M., Emerenciano, N. G., Garcia, L. G., Percinoto, C., & Cunha, R. F. (2017). Natal teeth associated with Riga-Fede ulcer: case report. ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v6i4.2059

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Hall technique: Complete information for the treatment of carious primary molars

Caries is an infectious process that seriously affects dental enamel, and when it is not treated in time, it endangers the permanence of the tooth in the oral cavity.

Steel crowns are used in pediatric dentistry when primary teeth are severely damaged by dental caries. They are usually placed after pulp treatment and in hypoplastic teeth.

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The objective of the article is to provide adequate information on the Hall technique, indications, contraindications, disadvantages, and the cost-effectiveness of this procedure. A complete analysis of this rehabilitation technique for carious primary teeth.

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Altoukhi DH, El-Housseiny AA. Hall Technique for Carious Primary Molars: A Review of the Literature. Dent J (Basel). 2020 Jan 17;8(1):11. doi: 10.3390/dj8010011. PMID: 31963463; PMCID: PMC7148518.

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Dentigerous cyst in mixed and primary dentition. Diagnosis and surgical treatment

Dentigerous cysts are cavities with liquid content, and develop from the remains of the enamel epithelium. They are the most common, benign cysts, and are usually located in the lower jaw. It is related to the crowns of unerupted teeth.

They manifest as radiographic findings or when the patient has acute inflammation. Enucleation of the cyst is performed using the surgical technique of marsupialization.

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We share several cases that report the diagnosis, management and surgical treatment (enucleation and marsupialization) of the dentigerous cyst in mixed and primary dentition.

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👉 ARTICLE 1: READ AND DOWNLOAD "Dentigerous Cysts in Primary Dentition: Report of 2 Cases" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Delbem AC, Cunha RF, Afonso RL, Bianco KG, Idem AP. Dentigerous cysts in primary dentition: report of 2 cases. Pediatr Dent. 2006 May-Jun;28(3):269-72. PMID: 16805361.

👉 ARTICLE 2: READ AND DOWNLOAD "Dentigerous cyst in a young child: a case report" IN FULL IN PDF👈

McKinney, S. L., & Lukes, S. M. (2021). Dentigerous cyst in a young child: a case report. Canadian journal of dental hygiene : CJDH = Journal canadien de l'hygiene dentaire : JCHD, 55(3), 177–181.

👉 ARTICLE 3: READ AND DOWNLOAD "Dentigerous Cyst in Children: A Case Report and Outline of Clinical Management for Pediatric and General Dentists" IN FULL IN PDF👈

Meer, Zakirulla & Yavagal, Chandrashekar & Jayashankar, DN & Meer, Allahbaksh. (2012). Dentigerous Cyst in Children: A Case Report and Outline of Clinical Management for Pediatric and General Dentists. Journal of Orofacial Research. 2. 238-242. 10.5005/jp-journals-10026-1051.

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Marsupialization of a large mandibular cyst in a pediatric patient - Clinical Case

Mandibular cysts are generally benign neoplasms, may be of odontogenic origin and vary in size and severity. Mandibular cysts can expand, injuring large extensions of bone tissue, involving the stability of the teeth.

Various techniques are used to surgically remove the mandibular cyst, enucleation when the cyst is small, or marsupialization when it is large.

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We share the case of surgical removal (marsupialization) of a large mandibular cyst in a pediatric patient, and the use of a multipurpose space maintainer.

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Salem Waly. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 2090-097X, October 2019, Vol. 10, No. 4

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Oral manifestations of eating disorders in adolescent patients

Eating disorders are a set of psychopathological disorders that are related to eating behaviors, and affect physical and emotional health, these conditions usually manifest in young people and adolescents. The most common eating disorders are anorexia and bulimia.

Patients with eating disorders present alterations in the perioral tissues, oral mucosa and teeth. These alterations generate several problems in the different functions of the oral cavity.

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We share a study that describes the different oral manifestations of eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia) that we can find in an adolescent patient with the aim that the professional identifies these signs early.

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Monda M, Costacurta M, Maffei L, Docimo R. Oral manifestations of eating disorders in adolescent patients. A review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2021 Jun;22(2):155-158. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2021.22.02.13

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Odontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric patient - Medical-dental management considerations

Facial cellulitis is an infection, usually of odontogenic origin, that moves and evolves rapidly, putting the patient's general health at risk. The management of facial cellulitis in pediatric dentistry must be multidisciplinary.

In the initial stages, cellulite is of a soft consistency, in advanced stages it is hardened. The infant's immune system is diminished, so it is necessary to control and eliminate the causative agent.

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We share an article that details the clinical characteristics, pharmacological and multidisciplinary management of odontogenic facial cellulite in children.

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Odontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric patient - Diagnosis, treatment and multidisciplinary management

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Giunta Crescente C, Soto de Facchin M, Acevedo Rodríguez AM. Medical-dental considerations in the care of children with facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin. A disease of interest for pediatricians and pediatric dentists. Arch Argent Pediatr 2018;116(4):e548-e553

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Odontogenic infection in facial spaces - Pharmacological and surgical management in pediatric patients

Facial spaces are virtual spaces that are found between tissues, organs and faciae. These spaces become relevant in infectious processes, since they are occupied by purulent secretions that move through various regions of the head and neck.

Infections that affect the head and neck are generally of odontogenic origin, and have a rapid evolution that put the patient's life at risk. Treatment must be immediate and in many cases multidisciplinary.

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We share the case of an odontogenic infection that affected the facial spaces of a pediatric patient. We report the clinical and pharmacological management, and the surgical procedure (drainage).

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Khaja Khalid Nawaz M. Management of Facial Space Infection in a 9-Year-Old Child - A Case Report. International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Vol. 2, No. 1, 2016, pp. 1-4.doi: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20160201.11

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Guide for the surgical management and oral pathology of the pediatric patient

To perform a surgical procedure in pediatric patients, we must take into account a series of special considerations, such as knowledge of anatomy, dental development and eruption, behavior and behavior of the patient.

Some of the pathologies that we can frequently find in children that need surgical procedures are: supernumerary and impacted teeth, congenital cysts, mucoceles.

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We share a manual that offers us recommendations and criteria for surgical procedures in pediatric patients and the most common pathological cases (biopsies, cysts, tumors, natal and neonatal teeth, mucocele, granulomas)

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American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Management considerations for pediatric oral surgery and oral pathology. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:450-60.

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