Diagnosis and management of oral lesions and conditions in the newborn

Infants frequently present with oral lesions and conditions that may lead to anxiety among parents. The most common lesions and conditions include natal and neonatal teeth, the different oral mucosal cysts of the newborn, ankyloglossia and congenital epulis of the gingiva.

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The diagnostic features and management principles of these lesions are discussed in order for healthcare workers to provide proper care and counselling to patients and parents.

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Introduction: Healthcare workers are faced with a variety of lesions affecting the oral cavities of infants. These may vary from physiological variations linked to development, to tumours. Knowledge of these is important for accurate diagnosis to allow proper counselling and advice on treatment planning. The aim of this paper is to inform healthcare workers about the diagnosis and management of common lesions and conditions affecting the oral cavities of newborns.

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Natal and neonatal teeth
The first deciduous tooth erupts after approximately six months. Natal teeth are teeth present at birth, while neonatal teeth erupt within the first month after birth. The majority of natal teeth form part of the primary dentition, while about 10% represent supernumerary teeth.



WFP Van Heerden & AW Van Zyl (2010) Diagnosis and management of oral lesions and conditions in the newborn, South African Family Practice, 52:6, 489-491, DOI:10.1080/20786204.2010.10874032

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Is there a relationship between headache and temporomandibular disorder?

Headache is one of the most common ills in society, and in some cases it is associated with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). The article that we share this time carries out a study of the relationship between headaches and TMD.

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Temporomandibular dysfunction is evidenced by sharp pain in the temporomandibular joint and the chewing muscles. These pains can increase over time if it is not treated in time.

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In conclusion, the findings from this review and the two reported cases suggest that TMD encompasses a collection of clinical entities that are often very painful and disabling, with a major contribution of headache to patient symptoms.

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However, they are self-limiting and generally respond to conservative therapy. Basic management strategies for pain control and restoration of the range of motion can decrease the level of disability and often contribute to relief from primary headaches.



° Abouelhuda, A. M., Kim, H. S., Kim, S. Y., & Kim, Y. K. (2017). Association between headache and temporomandibular disorder. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 43(6), 363–367. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.6.363

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Risk of gum disease for smokers

We all know the effects of tobacco on our body, none positive by the way, and the oral cavity does not escape its harmful effects. It has been shown that smoking increases the risk of periodontitis and also affects the response to periodontal therapies.

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Periodontitis is the destruction of the supporting elements of the teeth (bone and periodontal ligaments), it begins with bleeding and inflammation of the gums, and without treatment it can lead to the total loss of the tooth.

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In conclusion, the job of the dentist is not only to treat periodontal disease, but also to influence the patient to stop smoking.

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Management of Angular Cheilitis in children

Angular Cheilitis occurs more in children and it is caused by children sensitivity against certain contact agents like toys, foods, sunlight, allergy against medicines, cosmetics, and long term antibiotic treatment.

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Disease attacking the corners of the mouth is often cause pain when patients experience dry mouth or xerostomia. This disease can also be caused by vitamin B complex deficiency, blood iron deficiency, denture sore mouth and other factors such as breathing through mouth, wetting lips with tongue, and licking the corner of the mouth with tongue.

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Angular cheilitis also called perleche or angular cheilitis is a lesion marked with fissures, cracks on corner of lip, reddish, ulceration accompanied by burning sensation, pain and dryness on the corner of the mouth. In severe cases, these cracks can bleed when opening the mouth and cause shallow ulcer or krusta.

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Angular cheilitis can be a serious problem if it is not handled properly. This disease progression is so fast. Therefor there should be no delay in treatment if symptoms of angular cheilitis occurred and very clear. Not limited to a certain age, regardless of their sex all can be affected by this disease. Frequently in child aged 4-6 years.



° Fajriani, Fajriani. (2017). Management of Angular Cheilitis in children. Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science. 2. 1. 10.15562/jdmfs.v2i1.461.

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Riga-Fede Disease (Dentitia Praecox): Report of Two Cases with Literature Review

Riga-Fede disease is a term used to describe traumatic ulceration occurring on the ventral surface of the tongue in neonates and infants. This lesion was first described by Antonio Riga in 1881 and subsequent histological studies were performed by Francesco Fede in 1890, which led to the lesion being termed as Riga-Fede disease.

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It is commonly caused by mechanical trauma from natal, neo-natal or primary lower incisors and rarely may be the initial presentation of a neurological disorder.

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Various terms have been used to describe this lesion, like Riga’s disease, Riga-Fede’s disease, sublingual ulcer, sublingual granuloma, traumatic sublingual ulceration, eosinophilic granuloma, traumatic eosinophilic ulceration of the tongue and oral mucosa, sublingual fibrogranuloma, sublingual growth in infants and traumatic atrophic glossitis.

The lesion initially presents as an ulcerated area on the ventral surface of the tongue and with repeated trauma, it may progress to an enlarged, fibrous mass giving the appearance of an ulcerative granuloma. The pain associated with this oral lesion leads to dehydration and feeding difficulties, which in turn may pose potential risks to infants due to nutritional deficiencies.

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If the child is immunocompromised, then the potential for infection can add to the complications of the disease. In order to be termed as Riga-Fede disease, this lesion should be present in a child less than two years of age. Over the age of two years, the term oral traumatic granuloma is used.



° Mehta A, Chaudhary S, Chaitra TR and Sinha A. Riga-Fede Disease (Dentitia Praecox): Report of Two Cases with Literature Review. Austin J Dent. 2017; 4(3): 1073.

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The Importance of Dental Health During Cancer Treatment

Cancer treatments are aggressive and bring a series of complications in other parts of the body, and the oral cavity is no exception. Before starting chemotherapies or radiotherapies, it is necessary to be evaluated by the dentist, to eliminate existing infections such as cavities and periodontal disease.

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Some of the complications that can occur during chemotherapies are: dry mouth, canker sores and ulcers, spontaneous bleeding from the gums, jaw pain, etc. All complications are preventable and, if they occur, are manageable.

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Knowledge is our best prevention weapon, that's why we share an interesting article that explains in detail the complications that can occur during cancer treatment and how we can prevent it.

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What is tooth sensitivity?

Exposure of dentin is the cause of tooth sensitivity, and can be caused by fractures, bruxism, cavities, maladjusted restorations, aggressive brushing, gingival recession, etc.

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Tooth sensitivity is evident when you consume a hot or cold food or drink. The pain is sharp and short-lived. There may also be pain from pressure and from chewing food.



The intervention of the dentist is important because tooth sensitivity could mean the existence of other types of pathologies. The dentist must find out what the reason for the dentin exposure is to prevent it from happening again.

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