Headaches and dizziness are common symptoms encountered in both general medicine and dentistry.
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✅ Malocclusion and Headaches
Malocclusion generates functional overload on the stomatognathic system. This imbalance can lead to microtraumas in muscles and joints, often manifesting as tension-type headaches and dizziness due to neuromuscular strain.
✅ Stress and Its Role in TMD
Psychological stress is strongly linked to bruxism and muscular hyperactivity. The sustained release of cortisol and stress-related neurotransmitters increases cervical and mandibular muscle tension, which in turn exacerbates headaches and postural instability.
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Temporomandibular dysfunction may influence the vestibular system due to neurological connections between the trigeminal nerve and vestibular nuclei, explaining why some patients with malocclusion and chronic stress experience dizziness or vertigo.
💬 Discussion
Current evidence supports the association between malocclusion, stress, and headaches, although symptoms do not manifest equally in all patients. Other factors such as posture, parafunctional habits, and genetic predisposition contribute to variability in clinical presentations.
A multidisciplinary approach—combining dentistry, physiotherapy, and psychological care—is considered the most effective therapeutic strategy.
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Malocclusion, when combined with high stress levels, can be a significant trigger of headaches and dizziness. Early diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment can greatly improve patient quality of life.
📊 Comparison Table: Malocclusion, Stress, and Related Symptoms
| Factor | Mechanism | Main Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Malocclusion | Muscle and joint overload | Headaches, jaw pain, dizziness |
| Stress | Bruxism and muscular hyperactivity | Tension headaches, fatigue, vertigo |
| Combination | Neuromuscular and vestibular dysfunction | Chronic headaches, dizziness, cervical pain |
📚 References
✔ Bevilaqua-Grossi, D., Chaves, T. C., Oliveira, A. S., Monteiro-Pedro, V., & Biasotto-Gonzalez, D. A. (2011). Headache and temporomandibular disorder: an epidemiological study. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 38(11), 873–880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2011.02229.x
✔ Manfredini, D., Guarda-Nardini, L., Winocur, E., Piccotti, F., Ahlberg, J., & Lobbezoo, F. (2011). Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review of axis I epidemiologic findings. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 112(4), 453–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.04.021
✔ Martins, R. J., Garcia, A. R., & Garbin, C. A. S. (2007). The correlation between stress and temporomandibular disorders. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 34(9), 658–664. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01754.x
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