Antibiotics and its use in pediatric dentistry: A review

Antibiotics are commonly used in dentistry for prophylactic as well as for therapeutic purposes. Very often antibiotics are used in unwarranted situations, which may give rise to resistant bacterial strains.

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Good knowledge about the indications of antibiotics is the need of the hour in prescribing antibiotics for dental conditions. The purpose of this review article is to provide information on proper use of antibiotics in pediatric dental practice for control of oral infection, and in the management of children with systemic conditions which may alter disease resistance and healing response.

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Introduction: Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed medication for the treatment as well as prevention of bacterial infection in modern medicine. Antibiotics cure disease by killing, injuring, or inhibiting the growth of bacteria at very low concentrations.

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The word antibiotic came from the word “antibiosis” a term coined in 1889 by Louis Pasteur which means a process by which life could be used to destroy life.The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution.



° Annamalai, S., & Baghkomeh, P.N. (2018). Antibiotics and its use in pediatric dentistry : A review.

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How To Determine a Child's Medication Dose

Determining the dose in pediatric patients is sometimes complicated, this happens in both medical and dental practice. In pediatric practice medication dosages are calculated based on the child’s weight making the dosages much more precise.

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All the necessary data should be taken to be able to calculate the dose in children. Many take the adult dose as a reference, but this could lead to problems such as poisoning or drug resistance.



This video explains why and teaches you how to do it safely using a simple 4 step method. Thanks to the RN Kid channel that offers us a very simple way to calculate the doses in children

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Source: Youtube/ RN Kid

Guideline on use of antibiotic therapy for pediatric dental patients

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recognizes the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and potential for adverse drug reactions and interactions.

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These recommendations are intended to provide guidance in the proper and judicious use of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of oral conditions. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients at risk for infection is addressed in a separate best practices document. Information regarding commonly prescribed antibiotics can be found in Useful Medications for Oral Conditions.

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Antibiotics are beneficial to patient care when prescribed and administered correctly for bacterial infections. However, the widespread use of antibiotics has permitted common bacteria to develop resistance to drugs that once controlled them. Drug resistance is prevalent throughout the world.

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In the United States, at least two million people are infected by antibiotic-resistant bacteria per year. Some microorganisms may develop resistance to a single anti-microbial agent, while others develop multidrug-resistant strains. To diminish the rate at which resistance is increasing, health care providers must be prudent in the use of antibiotics.



Souce: https://www.aapd.org/

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Antibiotics: Use and misuse in pediatric dentistry

Antibiotics are prescribed in dental practice for prophylactic and therapeutic reasons. Prophylactic antibiotics are prescribed to prevent diseases caused by members of the oral flora introduced to distant sites in a host at risk or introduced to a local compromised site in a host at risk.

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In most cases, prophylaxis is used for prevention of endocarditis. Therapeutic antibiotics are prescribed, in most cases, to treat diseases of the hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity after local debridement has failed.

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Antibiotics are prescribed for oral conditions related to endodontic, oral surgical, and periodontal manifestations. Unwarranted use of antibiotics are reported in children; mostly for ear and dental infections. However, in children, increasing microbial resistance to antibiotics is a well-documented and is a serious global health concern.

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Antibiotic resistance is due to inappropriate use of antibiotics by clinicians. One factor that may contribute is the inappropriate use of antibiotics in dentistry.



° Peedikayil, Faizal. (2011). Antibiotics: Use and misuse in pediatric dentistry. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 29. 282-7. 10.4103/0970-4388.86368.

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