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martes, 6 de octubre de 2020

Hybrid nano-resin esthetic crowns in primary teeth. Case report

Oral Rehabilitation

Currently the oral rehabilitation of children have more aesthetic alternatives, leaving behind the metal crowns that lack this benefit. The loss of one or more teeth in children is due to extensive caries processes, or due to an accident, putting the proper development of the occlusion at risk.

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Adhesion is the best ally of modern dentistry, as it ensures a lasting and aesthetic rehabilitation. Although the aprismatic layer and the thin thickness of the enamel of the primary teeth are one of the biggest obstacles, it is not an impediment to an optimal result.

Enlaces Patrocinados

The objective of the work that we share today is to show a clinical case of oral rehabilitation with indirect composites. All the details of this interesting case below.

Endodontics




° Rojas RA, Gasca AG. Hybrid nano-resin esthetic crowns in primary teeth. Case report. Rev Odont Mex. 2014;18(4):255-258.

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martes, 22 de septiembre de 2020

Crowns in Pediatric Dentistry: A Review

Dental Crowns

Maintenance of the primary dentition in a nonpathologicand healthy condition is importantfor the overall well being of the child. Treatment of the severely destructed teeth poses a challenge for the pediatric dentist as three important considerations have to be kept in mind, patient’s behavioral management, preservation of the tooth structure and parental satisfaction.

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The technological advances in dental materials for use on children that have occurred in the past few decades make constant re-evaluation of our treatment philosophies and techniques a necessitybecause what was an acceptable treatment approach in the past may not necessarily be the best treatment option for our young patients today.

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Effort has been made to bring together the various approaches for full coverage restorations in pediatric dental practice. Each technique and material carries its own advantages and disadvantages.

Endodontics


Many options exist to repair carious teeth in pediatric patientsas is discussed, from stainless steel crowns to its various modifications to other esthetic crowns like strip crowns and zirconium crowns which are rising in their popularity.



° Garg V, Panda A, Shah J, Panchal P. Crowns in pediatric dentistry: A review. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res 2016;4(2):41-46.
Image: By Trikkelle - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48700155

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domingo, 13 de septiembre de 2020

Antibiotic prescriptions in pediatric dentistry: A review

Pharmacology

In medicine as well as in dentistry, antibiotics are used as part of infectious treatments, but it is also known that there is a tendency to overuse of this drug for conditions not indicated.

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The consequence of this indiscriminate use of antibiotics is the appearance of resistance in pediatric patients (the ability of bacteria to survive the presence of an antibiotic).

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If we add to this the mismanagement of doses in children, we are facing a serious problem, since we create more resistant bacteria, this currently forces us to adjust the doses of medications.

Endodontics


The work we are sharing with you is a review that aims to highlight the clinical indications for prescribing antibiotics for orofacial infections in pediatric care.



° Goel, Dhirja & Goel, GauravKumar & Chaudhary, Seema & Jain, Deshraj. (2020). Antibiotic prescriptions in pediatric dentistry: A review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 9. 473. 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1097_19.

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lunes, 7 de septiembre de 2020

Antibiotics and its use in pediatric dentistry: A review

Pharmacology

Antibiotics are commonly used in dentistry for prophylactic as well as for therapeutic purposes. Very often antibiotics are used in unwarranted situations, which may give rise to resistant bacterial strains.

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Good knowledge about the indications of antibiotics is the need of the hour in prescribing antibiotics for dental conditions. The purpose of this review article is to provide information on proper use of antibiotics in pediatric dental practice for control of oral infection, and in the management of children with systemic conditions which may alter disease resistance and healing response.

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Introduction: Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed medication for the treatment as well as prevention of bacterial infection in modern medicine. Antibiotics cure disease by killing, injuring, or inhibiting the growth of bacteria at very low concentrations.

Endodontics


The word antibiotic came from the word “antibiosis” a term coined in 1889 by Louis Pasteur which means a process by which life could be used to destroy life.The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution.



° Annamalai, S., & Baghkomeh, P.N. (2018). Antibiotics and its use in pediatric dentistry : A review.

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miércoles, 2 de septiembre de 2020

Diagnosis and management of oral lesions and conditions in the newborn

Pediatric Dentistry

Infants frequently present with oral lesions and conditions that may lead to anxiety among parents. The most common lesions and conditions include natal and neonatal teeth, the different oral mucosal cysts of the newborn, ankyloglossia and congenital epulis of the gingiva.

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The diagnostic features and management principles of these lesions are discussed in order for healthcare workers to provide proper care and counselling to patients and parents.

Enlaces Patrocinados

Introduction: Healthcare workers are faced with a variety of lesions affecting the oral cavities of infants. These may vary from physiological variations linked to development, to tumours. Knowledge of these is important for accurate diagnosis to allow proper counselling and advice on treatment planning. The aim of this paper is to inform healthcare workers about the diagnosis and management of common lesions and conditions affecting the oral cavities of newborns.

Endodontics


Natal and neonatal teeth
The first deciduous tooth erupts after approximately six months. Natal teeth are teeth present at birth, while neonatal teeth erupt within the first month after birth. The majority of natal teeth form part of the primary dentition, while about 10% represent supernumerary teeth.



WFP Van Heerden & AW Van Zyl (2010) Diagnosis and management of oral lesions and conditions in the newborn, South African Family Practice, 52:6, 489-491, DOI:10.1080/20786204.2010.10874032

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jueves, 27 de agosto de 2020

Is there a relationship between headache and temporomandibular disorder?

Ranula

Headache is one of the most common ills in society, and in some cases it is associated with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). The article that we share this time carries out a study of the relationship between headaches and TMD.

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Temporomandibular dysfunction is evidenced by sharp pain in the temporomandibular joint and the chewing muscles. These pains can increase over time if it is not treated in time.

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In conclusion, the findings from this review and the two reported cases suggest that TMD encompasses a collection of clinical entities that are often very painful and disabling, with a major contribution of headache to patient symptoms.

Endodontics


However, they are self-limiting and generally respond to conservative therapy. Basic management strategies for pain control and restoration of the range of motion can decrease the level of disability and often contribute to relief from primary headaches.



° Abouelhuda, A. M., Kim, H. S., Kim, S. Y., & Kim, Y. K. (2017). Association between headache and temporomandibular disorder. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 43(6), 363–367. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.6.363

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martes, 18 de agosto de 2020

Management of Angular Cheilitis in children

Angular Cheilitis

Angular Cheilitis occurs more in children and it is caused by children sensitivity against certain contact agents like toys, foods, sunlight, allergy against medicines, cosmetics, and long term antibiotic treatment.

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Disease attacking the corners of the mouth is often cause pain when patients experience dry mouth or xerostomia. This disease can also be caused by vitamin B complex deficiency, blood iron deficiency, denture sore mouth and other factors such as breathing through mouth, wetting lips with tongue, and licking the corner of the mouth with tongue.

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Angular cheilitis also called perleche or angular cheilitis is a lesion marked with fissures, cracks on corner of lip, reddish, ulceration accompanied by burning sensation, pain and dryness on the corner of the mouth. In severe cases, these cracks can bleed when opening the mouth and cause shallow ulcer or krusta.

Endodontics


Angular cheilitis can be a serious problem if it is not handled properly. This disease progression is so fast. Therefor there should be no delay in treatment if symptoms of angular cheilitis occurred and very clear. Not limited to a certain age, regardless of their sex all can be affected by this disease. Frequently in child aged 4-6 years.



° Fajriani, Fajriani. (2017). Management of Angular Cheilitis in children. Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science. 2. 1. 10.15562/jdmfs.v2i1.461.

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lunes, 17 de agosto de 2020

Riga-Fede Disease (Dentitia Praecox): Report of Two Cases with Literature Review

Riga-Fede Disease

Riga-Fede disease is a term used to describe traumatic ulceration occurring on the ventral surface of the tongue in neonates and infants. This lesion was first described by Antonio Riga in 1881 and subsequent histological studies were performed by Francesco Fede in 1890, which led to the lesion being termed as Riga-Fede disease.

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It is commonly caused by mechanical trauma from natal, neo-natal or primary lower incisors and rarely may be the initial presentation of a neurological disorder.

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Various terms have been used to describe this lesion, like Riga’s disease, Riga-Fede’s disease, sublingual ulcer, sublingual granuloma, traumatic sublingual ulceration, eosinophilic granuloma, traumatic eosinophilic ulceration of the tongue and oral mucosa, sublingual fibrogranuloma, sublingual growth in infants and traumatic atrophic glossitis.

The lesion initially presents as an ulcerated area on the ventral surface of the tongue and with repeated trauma, it may progress to an enlarged, fibrous mass giving the appearance of an ulcerative granuloma. The pain associated with this oral lesion leads to dehydration and feeding difficulties, which in turn may pose potential risks to infants due to nutritional deficiencies.

Endodontics


If the child is immunocompromised, then the potential for infection can add to the complications of the disease. In order to be termed as Riga-Fede disease, this lesion should be present in a child less than two years of age. Over the age of two years, the term oral traumatic granuloma is used.



° Mehta A, Chaudhary S, Chaitra TR and Sinha A. Riga-Fede Disease (Dentitia Praecox): Report of Two Cases with Literature Review. Austin J Dent. 2017; 4(3): 1073.

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martes, 11 de agosto de 2020

Pulpotomy Medicaments used in Deciduous Dentition: An Update

Pulpotomy

The aim of this paper was to review the history and the scientific literature published on pulpotomy medicaments and to present the findings of these studies.

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The review showed that pulpotomy of primary teeth has been treated with many different techniques and medicaments, that some of these approaches are controversial and that their results have presented variables of success rates in term of clinical, radiographic and histologic observation.

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It is important that all clinicians, particularly for pediatric dentists, be up to date with the recent trends in this area of dental treatment for children. Vital pulpotomy is the clinical treatment of choice for primary teeth with exposed pulp. Pulpotomy can be defined as the surgical removal or amputation of the coronal pulp of the vital tooth.

Oral Medicine


This step is generally followed by the placement of a particular medicament over the intact stump to fix, mummify or stimulate repair of the remaining radicular pulp.



Souce / Author: Al-Dlaigan YH. Pulpotomy Medicaments used in Deciduous Dentition: An Update. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):486-503.

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martes, 4 de agosto de 2020

Guideline on use of antibiotic therapy for pediatric dental patients

Pharmacology

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recognizes the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and potential for adverse drug reactions and interactions.

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These recommendations are intended to provide guidance in the proper and judicious use of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of oral conditions. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients at risk for infection is addressed in a separate best practices document. Information regarding commonly prescribed antibiotics can be found in Useful Medications for Oral Conditions.

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Antibiotics are beneficial to patient care when prescribed and administered correctly for bacterial infections. However, the widespread use of antibiotics has permitted common bacteria to develop resistance to drugs that once controlled them. Drug resistance is prevalent throughout the world.

Endodontics


In the United States, at least two million people are infected by antibiotic-resistant bacteria per year. Some microorganisms may develop resistance to a single anti-microbial agent, while others develop multidrug-resistant strains. To diminish the rate at which resistance is increasing, health care providers must be prudent in the use of antibiotics.



Souce: https://www.aapd.org/

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domingo, 2 de agosto de 2020

Pediatric oral RANULA: Clinical cases and follow-up

Ranula

Oral ranulas are cystic lesions located on the floor of the mouth that arise from obstruction of the excretory duct of the sublingual gland. This causes an accumulation of mucoid material, leading to a well-circumscribed swelling in the oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth.

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Oral ranula is an infrequent pathology, appearing more frequently in children. A review of articles published on oral ranula between 2000 and 2009, found only 12 series, of which eight were specific to the pediatric population.

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The largest series corresponded to Chidzonga et al who analyzed 61 oral ranulas in children younger than 10 years. Some authors discuss ranulas in the general population and other authors have published isolated clinical cases.

Oral Medicine


It was therefore interesting to analyze oral ranulas in a large sample of pediatric patients of the Oral and Maxi-llofacial Surgery Department of the La Fe University Children’s Hospital, Valencia. The aim is to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of oral ranulas in pediatric patients.



° Bonet-Coloma C, Minguez-Martinez I, Aloy-Prósper A, Galán-Gil S, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Mínguez-Sanz JM. Pediatric oral ranula: Clinical follow-up study of 57 cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Mar 1;16 (2):e158-62. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v16i2/medoralv16i2p158.pdf

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Diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in children

TMJ

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a disabling condition of mastication in which the condylar movement is limited by a mechanical problem in the joint (true ankylosis) or a mechanical cause not related to the joint components (false ankylosis).

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In children, trauma is identifi ed as the main cause of TMJ ankylosis (57-63%). The other etiological factors are infections, rheumatoid arthritis, hypoparathyroidism, psoriasis, and burns.

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Ankylosis in children can have a tremendous effect on physical and psychological well-being due to restricted mouth opening, inability to chew food, and poor oral hygiene. Due to growth deformity, the child may become shy and reclusive and have a low self-esteem. Trauma to TMJ in early childhood can affect the growth potential of the mandible.

Endodontics


Any traumatic injury to the joint, if left unnoticed and untreated immediately can cause loss of growth and function resulting in muscle and bone atrophy and subsequently micrognathia, microgenia, and retrognathia.



Shetty, Priya & Thomas, Ann & Sowmya, Bhykani. (2014). Diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in children. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 32. 266-70. 10.4103/0970-4388.135848.

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miércoles, 22 de julio de 2020

What is Trismus and what causes it?

Trismus

Trismus has a number of potential causes, which range from the simple and non-progressive to those that are potentially life-threatening. Kazanjian divided ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint into true and false.

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The true type of ankylosis was attributed to pathological conditions of the joint, and false ankylosis was applied to restrictions of movement resulting from extra-articular joint abnormalities.

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This latter type of ankylosis is what most clinicians know as trismus. In a busy practice, it is not unusual to see several patients each month with a complaint of trismus. This condition may impair eating, impede oral hygiene, restrict access for dental procedures and adversely affect speech and facial appearance.

Oral Medicine


What is Normal Opening of the Mouth?

The normal range of mouth opening varies from patient to patient, within a range of 40– 60 mm, although some authors place the lower limit at 35 mm. The width of the index finger at the nail bed is between 17 and 19 mm.



° Dent Update 2002; 29: 88–94 / P.J. DHANRAJANI AND O. JONAIDEL

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lunes, 20 de julio de 2020

PULPECTOMY procedures in primary molar teeth

Pulpectomy

Premature loss of primary molars can cause a number of undesirable consequences including loss of arch length, insufficient space for erupting premolars and mesial tipping of the permanent molars.

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Pulpectomy of primary molar teeth is considered as a reasonable treatment approach to ensure either normal shedding or a long-term survival in instances of retention.

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Despite being a more conservative treatment option than extraction, efficient pulpectomy of bizarre and tortuous root canals encased in roots programmed for physiologic resorption that show close proximity to developing permanent tooth buds presents a critical endodontic challenge. This article aims to provide an overview of this treatment approach, including partial and total pulpectomy, in primary molar teeth.

Oral Medicine


In addition, the recommended guidelines that should be followed, and the current updates that have been developed, while commencing total pulpectomy in primary molars are discussed.



° Ahmed, Hany. (2014). Pulpectomy procedures in primary molar teeth. European Journal of General Dentistry. 3. 3-10. 10.4103/2278-9626.126201.

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domingo, 12 de julio de 2020

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment in Dentistry

ART

Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is recommended for use worldwide, not only in developing countries but also in more industrialized countries. Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) is considered to be accepted, both by children and by adult patients.

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ART is based on the maximum preservation of sound tooth tissue and the minimum discomfort, since there is use of hand instruments also reduces pain due to reduced vibrations occur while use of rotary dental instruments.

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The use of minimal invasive dentistry and patient comfort is of utmost importance, especially for the school children and anxious and uncooperative patients.

Oral Medicine


Twenty-five years later, ART was accepted by the World Health Organization (1994) and the FDI World Dental Federation (2002). It is included in textbooks on cariology, restorative dentistry and minimal intervention dentistry.



° Garg Y, Bhaskar DJ, Suvarna M, Singh N, Lata S, Bose S. Atraumatic Restorative Treatment in Dentistry. Int J Oral Health Med Res 2015;2(2):126-129

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What is midline diastema?

Midline Diastema

Midline diastema can be physiological, dentoalveolar, due to a missing tooth, due to peg lateral, midline supernumerary teeth, proclination of the upper labial segment, prominent frenum or due to a self-inflicted pathology by tongue piercing.

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The treatment involves observation and follow up, active orthodontic tooth movement, combined orthodontic and surgical approach, restorative treatment and Mulligan’s technique of overcorrection.

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Introduction : A space between adjacent teeth is called a “diastema”. Midline diastemata (or diastemas) occur in approximately 98% of 6 year olds, 49% of 11 year olds and 7% of 12–18 year olds.

Oral Medicine


In most children, the medial erupting path of the maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary canines, as described by Broadbent results in normal closure of this space. In some individuals however, the diastema does not close spontaneously.



° applications.emro.who.int
° Etiology and treatment of midline diastema: A review of literature
° Authors: Umar Hussain, Ali Ayub, Muhammad Farhan
° Image: Clínicas Dentales Dentimex

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